Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 10 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

– an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

A

intuition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

humans cannot rely soloed on intuition and –

A

common sense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that we could have predicted it

A

hindsight bias (I-knew-it-all-along)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why, after friends start dating, do we often fell that we knew they were meant to be together?

A

hindsight bias (I-knew-it-all-along)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

People tend to think they know more than they do.

A

overconfidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: overconfidence occurs in academic and social behavior

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

people perceive – in random events to make sense of their world

A

patterns/order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

three phenomena that illustrate how intuition is overused and errors are made

A

hindsight bias, overconfidence, and tendency to perceive patterns in random events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Includes a passion to explore and understand the

world without misleading or being misled

A

curiosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

refers to a more careful style of forming and evaluating knowledge than simply using intuition.

A

critical thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

scientific attitude should include these three things

A

curiosity, skepticism, and humility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Supports questions about behavior and mental processes: What do you mean? How do you know?

A

skepticism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Involves awareness that mistakes are possible and

willingness to be surprised

A

humility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a self-correcting process for asking questions and observing nature’s answers

A

scientific method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes
observations and predicts behaviors or events

A

theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

testable prediction, often implied by a theory

A

hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations)
used in a research study

A

operational definition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

– the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

A

Repeating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

good theory

A

effectively organizes, –> clear predictions, stimulates research, may be replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is a systematic, objective observation of people

A

descriptive research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 forms of descriptive research

A

case studies, naturalistic observations, and surveys/interviews

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

– one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

A

case study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

– observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation

A

naturalistic observation

24
Q

• Examines many cases in less depth
• Wording effect
• Random
sampling

A

surveys and interviews

25
Q

case studies provides fruitful ideas but cannot be used to –

A

generalize

26
Q

naturalistic observations describes but does not – behavior

A

explain

27
Q

in naturalistic observations, you cannot – for factors outside the lab

A

control

28
Q

a measure of how closely two factors vary together, or how well you can predict a change in one from observing a change in the other

A

correlation

29
Q

Indicates a direct relationship, meaning that two things

increase together or decrease together

A

positive correlation (0

30
Q

Indicates an inverse relationship: As one thing increases,

the other decreases.

A

negative correlation (-1

31
Q

Provides a statistical measure of how closely two things vary together and how well one predicts the other

A

correlation coefficient

32
Q

No matter how strong the relationship, correlation does not prove –.

A

causation

33
Q

The more children used various media, the less happy they were with their lives.

A

negative correlation

34
Q

The longer children breast-fed, the greater their later academic development

A

positive correlation

35
Q

Neither those in the study nor those collecting the

data know which group is receiving the treatment.

A

double-blind procedure

36
Q

effect involves results caused by expectations alone

A

placebo effect

37
Q

factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

A

independent variable

38
Q

factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect

A

confounding variable

39
Q

factor tha is measured; the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated

A

dependent variable

40
Q 
Rental housing experiment: test the effect of perceived ethnicity on the availability of a rental house - identically worded emails
% of positive replies
Patrick McDougall 89% 
Said Al-Rahman 66%
Tyrell Jackson 56%
A

independent variable = name

dependent variable = % of positive replies

41
Q

– estimates often misread reality and misinform

A

Casual

42
Q

Big, round, undocumented numbers warrant –

A

caution

43
Q

Presentation of statistical information needs more –

A

transparency

44
Q

Measures of central tendency include a – score that represents a set of scores.

A

single

45
Q

Most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution

A

mode

46
Q

Arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores; can be distorted by few atypical scores

A

mean

47
Q

Middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it

A

median

48
Q

Measures of – reveal similarity or diversity in scores.

A

variation

49
Q

Difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

A

range

50
Q

Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

A

standard deviation

51
Q

Symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean and fewer and fewer near the extremes

A

normal curve/distribution

52
Q

– percent fall within one STD

A

68%

53
Q

When is an observed difference reliable?

A

representative samples, less-variable observations, more cases

54
Q

When sample averages are – and difference between them is relatively –, the difference has statistical significance.

A

reliable, large

55
Q

In psychological research, proof beyond a reasonable doubt means that the odds of its occurrence by chance are – than 5 percent

A

less

Psych 10 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions