Modules 22 Flashcards
Includes pattern that defines how often a desired response
will be reinforced
reinforcement schedule
Involves reinforcing the desired response every time it
occurs
continuous reinforcement schedule
Includes schedule reinforcing a response only part of the
time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much
greater resistance to extinction than does continuous
reinforcement`
partial (intermittent) reinforcement
Every so many: reinforcement after every nth behavior, such as buy 10 coffees, get 1 free,
fixed ratio
reinforcement after a random number of behaviors (i.e. slot machines)
variable ratio
Every so often: reinforcement for behavior after a fixed time, such as Tuesday discount prices
fixed interval
Unpredictably often:
reinforcement for behavior after a random amount of time, as when checking for a Facebook response
variable interval
administers an undesirable consequence or withdraws something desirable in an attempt to decrease the frequency of a behavior (a child’s disobedience)
punishment
Presenting a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior less likely to happen in the future
positive punishment
Removing a desired stimulus after particular undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in reducing behavior in future
negative punishment
Is taking away a reward a punishment?
yes
spanking a child is an example of – punishment
positive
punished behavior is – not forgotten. This temporary state may (negatively) reinforce parents’ punishing behavior
suppressed
Punishment teaches – among situations. (same behavior different circumstances)
discrimination
punishment can teach –
fear
– may increase aggression by modeling aggression as a way to cope with problems
Physical punishment
T/F: punishment changes learning
false
changing/shaping behavior to get to the next level
operant conditioning
everyday behaviors are continually reinforced and shaped
operant conditioning
any event that strengthens a preceding response
reinforcement
Gradually guiding toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
shaping
Skinner expanded on –
Thorndyke’s law of effect
Skinner developed behavioral technology and principles of –
behavior control
Increases behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers
positive reinforcement
Is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response
positive reinforcer
Increases behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli
negative reinforcement
Is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response.
negative reinforcer
Is unlearned; innately reinforcing stimuli
primary reinforcer
Gains power through association with primary reinforcer
conditioned (secondary) reinforcer
reinforcers can be – or delayed
immediate