Module 16 Flashcards
– transition from puberty to social independence
adolescence
Early maturing in boys: More popular, self-assured,
and independent; more at risk for alcohol use,
delinquency, and premature –
sexual activity
Early maturing girls: Mismatch between physical
and emotional maturity may encourage search for
–; teasing or sexual harassment may occur
older teens
Teens: Frontal lobe development and – occur and may produce irrational and risky behaviors
synaptic pruning
– believed in developing reasoning power in teens; Develop new abstract thinking tools (formal
operations)
Piaget
– believed in developing moral reasoning in teens; Use moral reasoning that develops in universal sequence to guide moral actions
Kolhberg
much of morality rooted in moral intuitions that
are made quickly and automatically
Haidt
Moral cognition is often automatic but can be overridden
Greene
moral action feeds –
moral attitudes
Ability to delay gratification linked to more positive outcomes in adulthood
Mischel
Self-interest; obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards
preconventional morality (before age 9)
Uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order
conventional morality (early adolescence)
Actions reflect belief in basic rights and self- defined ethical principles
postconventional morality (adolescence and beyond)
Adolescence struggle involves – versus role confusion-continuing into adulthood
identity
Social identity involves the “–” aspect of self- concept that comes from group memberships.
we
Healthy identity formation is followed by capacity to build –
close relationships
Influence of parents and peers is –.
complementary
Includes the time from 18 to mid-twenties in a not-yet-
settled phase of life
emerging adulthood
emerging adulthood is characterized by not yet assuming adult responsibilities and independences and feelings of being –
“in between”
T/F: early adulthood may involve living with and still being emotionally dependent on parents
true
Muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness
and cardiac output peak in mid-twenties.
early adulthood
Physical vigor more closely linked to health and
exercise than age
middle adulthood
during middle adulthood, physical decline and fertility decline is –
gradual
Visual sharpness, distance perception, and stamina diminish; pupils shrink and become less transparent
late adulthood
Exercise slows aging and stimulates – and neural connections
brain cell development
– is peak time for some learning and memory.
early adulthood
– shows greater decline in ability to recall rather than recognize memory.
middle adulthood
– is characterized by better retention of meaningful than meaningless information, longer word production time.
late adulthood
End of life is characterized by terminal decline; typically occurs during last – years of life
four
NCD
neurocognitive disorders
Acquired (not lifelong) disorders marked by cognitive
deficits
NCDs
NCDs are often related to Alzheimer’s disease, brain injury or disease, or –
substance abuse
NCDs results in the erosion of – that is not typical of normal aging
mental abilities
- Marked by neural plaques, often with an onset after age 80
- Entails a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities
Alzheimer’s disease
Memory, then reasoning, deteriorates. As the disease continues to run its course: Emotionally flatness, disorientation and disinhibition, incontinence, and mental vacancy occurs
disease progression
Loss of brain cells and deterioration of acetylcholine- producing neurons; protein fragments that accumulate as plaque
neural involvement
Midlife – occurs in early forties
transition
Social clock – from era to era and culture to culture
varies
being productive and supporting future generations
generativity
forming close relationships
intimacy
Divorce rates related to women’s increased ability to – and their higher expectations for a mate
support themselves
– marriage related to higher divorce rates
trial
Work provides a sense of competence, accomplishment, and – for many adults.
self-definition
– grow after midlife and negative feelings decline.
Positive feelings
Brain-wave reactions to negative images – with age.
diminish
Our ability to handle tasks and our organizational skills grow dramatically in our 20s and continue to improve as we age.
conscientiousness
The initial growth of conscientiousness is in our – is likely due to new work and family commitments
20s
Our warmth, generosity, and helpfulness make the biggest improvement in our 30s and 40s; like conscientiousness, changes in agreeableness are probably due to new work and family commitments.
agreeableness
Worry and our sense of instability actually decrease with age for women–but not for men.
neuroticism
our desire to try new experiences declines slightly with age for both genders
openness
our need to seek social support declines slightly for women as they age, but changes little in men
extraversion
