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Psych 10 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fourth century B.C.E. – used observation and questioning to understand the body-psyche relationship

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

What event defined the start of scientific psychology?

A

began in Germany when Wundt opened the first psychology lab

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3
Q

defined psychology as “science of mental life”

A

Wundt

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4
Q

Wundt added two key elements to enhance the scientific nature of psychology

A

carefully measured observations and experiments

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5
Q

mentored by Wundt

A

Titchener

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6
Q

Encouraged

introspection, reporting on sensations and other elements of experience in reaction to stimuli

A

Titchener

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7
Q

Why did introspection fail as a method for understanding how the mind works?

A

variable self reports

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8
Q

1st psychologist

A

William James

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9
Q

assemble the mind’s structure from simple elements by looking at the evolved functions of thoughts and feelings

A

functionalism

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10
Q

form of psychology that used introspection to define the mind’s makeup

A

structuralism

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11
Q

– focused on how mental processes enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish

A

functionalism

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12
Q

James believed that emotions were –

A

bottom up

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13
Q

functionalism =

A

William James

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14
Q

1st APA female president

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

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15
Q

studied with James but denied PhD

A

Calkins

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16
Q

second APA female president and wrote The Animal Mind

A

Maragret Floy Washburn

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17
Q

authored Principles of Psychology

A

James

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18
Q

studied with Michener but barred from his experimental psychology organization

A

Washburn

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19
Q

first woman to receive psychology PhD

A

Washburn

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20
Q

Defined psychology as “scientific study of observable

behavior” without reference to mental processes

A

behaviorism

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21
Q

psychologists of behaviorism

A

Watson, Skinner, and Rayner

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22
Q

two of the major forces in psychology well into the 1960s

A

behaviorism and Freudian psychology

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23
Q

classical conditioning

A

Watson

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24
Q

operant conditioning

A

Skinner

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25
behaviorists Watson and Skinner dismissed --
introspection
26
Watson and Rayner conducted famous -- experiments which showed that fear could be learned
"Little Albert"
27
Emphasized ways unconscious thought processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences affect later behavior
Freudian psychology
28
- Revived interest in study of mental processes - Focused on ways current environments can nurture or limit growth potential and importance of having need for love and acceptance satisfied
humanistic psychology
29
who led humanistic psychology
Rogers and Maslow
30
The -- occurred in 1960 and focus returned to interest in mental processes.
cognitive revolution
31
-- scientifically explored ways in which information is perceived, processed, and remembered.
Cognitive psychology
32
The interdisciplinary field of -- ties the science of mind (cognitive psychology) and the science of the brain (neuroscience) and focuses on brain activity underlying mental activity
cognitive neuroscience
33
How did the cognitive revolution affect the field of psychology? It recaptured the field’s early interest in -- and made them legitimate topics for scientific study.
mental processes
34
psychology =
science of behavior and mental processes
35
The field of psychology is growing and --
globalizing
36
Character and intelligence inherited; some ideas inborn
Plato (nature)
37
Some ideas are intuitive
Descartes (nature)
38
Some traits, behaviors, and instincts are part of species; natural selection
Darwin (nature)
39
content of mind comes through senses
Aristotle (nurture)
40
mind is a blank slate
Locke (nurture)
41
the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
natural selection
42
Focus on how humans are alike because of common biology and evolutionary history
evolutionary psychology
43
focus on differences related to differing genes and environments
behavior genetics
44
Focus on ways culture shapes behavior, but same underlying processes are universal
cross-cultural psychology
45
Gender psychology: Focus on differences; males and females are overwhelmingly --
similar
46
even when specific attitudes and behaviors vary by gender or across cultures, as they often do, the underlying causes are much the--
same
47
Uses scientific methods to investigate building of good life that engages skill-building and a meaningful life that extends beyond self
positive psychology
48
positive psychologists such as -- explores human flourishing
Seligman
49
psychology's three main levels of analysis
biological, psychological, socio-cultural
50
psychology is a -- scientific discipline (Cacloppo)
hub
51
Common quest : Describing and explaining -- and the mind underlying it
behavior
52
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
neuroscience
53
How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes
evolutionary
54
How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences
behavior genetics
55
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
psychodynamic
56
how we learn observable responses
behavioral
57
how we encode, process, store, and retrieve info
cognitive
58
how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
socio-cultural
59
Testing boosts -- of material
retention
60
Actively processing material and retrieving material helps master it
testing effect
61
-- rehearsal, interspaced with other subjects, is more efficient than cramming
Spaced
62
SQ3R study method
Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review

Psych 10 (22 decks)

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