Module 11 Psych Psychotherapy Flashcards
Psychoanalysis
Psychodynamic form of psychotherapy developed by Freud that attempts to recover unconscious conflicts, motives and defense mechanisms
Developed and practiced by Sigmund Freud
How to discover whats in unconscious part of mind (psychoanalysis)
Dream analysis: manifest content in dreams is the literal representation of your dream that you are aware of. Latent content of the dream is the symbolic representation of your dream that expresses unconscious desires; which is what should be remembered
Free Association: patient expresses thoughts and feelings spontaneously without censorship; verbalize whatever pops into head no matter how silly ; in a reclined chair
Psychoanalyst provides interpretation: explains the inner significance of thoughts, feelings, memories and behaviour
Signs of successful therapy
When patient demonstrates resistance; unconscious defense mechanisms; fabricate their free associations, cancel sessions, hostile towards therapist
Transference; patient unconsciously relates to the therpaist in ways that simulate critical relationships in their life; transfers thoughts to therapist; interact with them as if they were a former spouse
Client centred Therapy:
Human Existentialist form of pschotherapy in which the client determines the pace and direction of therapy, and the therapist provides a supportive climate
Cognitive Therapy:
A form of psychotherapy that helps individuals recognize and change negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs
Behavioural Therapy:
A form of psychotherapy that utilizes the principles of classical and operational thinking
Biomedical Therapy
Interventions into an individual’s biological functioing, which can include drugs, psychosurgery, or electroconvulsive shock
Anxiety disorders:
result of unresolved intrapsychic conflicts residing in the unconscious
What did Carl rogers believe
differs from the psychodynamic perspective as to the cause of anxiety
Believed that anxiety disorders are the result of a belief that affection is conditional to one’s achievements ; incongruent self concept
Conditional love
motivates us to distort reality to conceal our weaknesses and mistkaes; causing incongruence between reality and our self concept
More incongruence leads to more anxiety
We engage in further distortions of reality and self-deception to reduce anxiety
What did Carl rogers develop
Developed his own psychotherapy; Client Centred Therapy: Humanist Existentialist
Goal: reorganize personality by addressing the clinet’s beliefs about affection
To foster a belief in the client that affection is unconditional
If incongruence and anxiety result from Conditional Regard,then the solution is to change the client’s belief about affection reflect Unconditional Regard
This will reduce incongruence in the self-concept ; fostering personal acceptance and alleviate anxiety
What factors did Carl Rogers therapy include?
Does so by fostering a Therapeutic Climate that is warm supportive and accepting of the client
Therapist gives the client Unconditional Positive Regard (therapist accepts and cares for the client no matter what, doesn’t necessarily mean he agrees with their actions
Genuineness: therapist must be willing to share their feelings with the client and talk about their own mistakes, failures and shortcoming ; builds trust in the relationship and also models positive communication to the client
Empathy: therapist must understand the client’s experiences from the client’s point of view
Patients
Patients: psychodynamic perspectives
Therapist/patient; impies therapist maintains higher status in the relationship
Therapist is responsible for the patient’s progress in therapy; uses interpretation to reveal the hidden meaning behind the patient’s thoughts and feelings
Client
Client: humanist existentialists
Therapist/client: implies that the therapist and the client share equal status in the relationship
The client is responsible for the pace and direction of their therapy
Provide clarification
Difference between humanists and existentialists
Humanists: foster self-actualization whereas existentialists help the client discover their genuine self
Humanists believe anxiety comes from inconguence whereas existentialists believe anxiety results from our realization that we are mortal
Aaron Beck
depression researcher who suggested that overly negative thought patterns were responsible for causing people’s depressed states
Developed cognitive therapy; help people recognize their maladaptive beliefs to promote more realistic evaluations of the self, the world and the future
Goal; recognize automated thought patterns instead of personaility
Critiscm: simply treating the symptoms of the condition instead of addressing the underlying problem
Perspective of behavioural therapy
From this perspective the underlying root of a psychological condition is irrelevant
Important assumption; problematic behaviour has been learned by way of classical or operant conditioning at some point in the past
Problematic behaviour can be unlearned by way of classical or operant conditioning
Methods of behavioural therapy (just list them)
- Counterconditioning
- Exposure therapy
- Aversion therapy
- Social skills therapy
Counter conditioning
one conditioned response is replaced by a different conditioned response (positive emotion)
Exposure therapy
principles of classical conditioning is applied
Replacing an aversive response with a desirable response
Expose individual to fear provoking stimuli without harming hthem
Promote extinction of the fear response
Doesn’t happen naturally because phobic response is acquired through classical conditioning but is maintained by operant conditioning
Counterconditioning used to lead to extinction; exposed to fearful stimulus in a controlled setting
Systematic desensitization; goal is to replace a phobic response with relaxation
Step 1: train individual to induce a state of deep muscle relaxation
Step 2: build and anxiety hierachy ; imagine each scenario on the hierarchy without anxiety
Step 3: actually encountering the scenarios, relaxation training is used to counter condition any anxiety
Aversion therapy
principles of classical conditioning is applied
Replaces a desirable response with an aversive response
Because the desirable response is problematic in some way
Emetic drug: induces nausea and vomiting (ex. Disulfiram, used to metabolize alcohol)
Used a last resort and would be administered in conjunction with other forms of therapy
Social skills training and its three principles
behavioural therapy that strives to improve interpersonal proficiency in individuals diagnosed with autism/schizophrenia who exhibit social ineptitude (which elevate stress level, inhibit social adjustment, exacerbate their symptoms)
Approach employes three principles from operant conditioning and observational learning:
Modeling: the individual observes socially skilled peers and colleagues while the therapist draw attention to specific elements of the model’s behaviour
Ex. Therapist might direct an individual diagnosed with autism to observe how the model maintains eye contact while talking
Behavioural Rehearsal: individual implements and practices these social skills in role-playing exercise
Therapist provides feedback, and reinforces specific actions with praise and affection
Shaping: the therapy gradually increases the complextity of social situation
