Module 11 Psych Psychotherapy

Question 1

Psychoanalysis

Answer 1

Psychodynamic form of psychotherapy developed by Freud that attempts to recover unconscious conflicts, motives and defense mechanisms

Developed and practiced by Sigmund Freud

Question 2

How to discover whats in unconscious part of mind (psychoanalysis)

Answer 2

Dream analysis: manifest content in dreams is the literal representation of your dream that you are aware of. Latent content of the dream is the symbolic representation of your dream that expresses unconscious desires; which is what should be remembered

Free Association: patient expresses thoughts and feelings spontaneously without censorship; verbalize whatever pops into head no matter how silly ; in a reclined chair

Psychoanalyst provides interpretation: explains the inner significance of thoughts, feelings, memories and behaviour

Question 3

Signs of successful therapy

Answer 3

When patient demonstrates resistance; unconscious defense mechanisms; fabricate their free associations, cancel sessions, hostile towards therapist

Transference; patient unconsciously relates to the therpaist in ways that simulate critical relationships in their life; transfers thoughts to therapist; interact with them as if they were a former spouse

Question 4

Client centred Therapy:

Answer 4

Human Existentialist form of pschotherapy in which the client determines the pace and direction of therapy, and the therapist provides a supportive climate

Question 5

Cognitive Therapy:

Answer 5

A form of psychotherapy that helps individuals recognize and change negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs

Question 6

Behavioural Therapy:

Answer 6

A form of psychotherapy that utilizes the principles of classical and operational thinking

Question 7

Biomedical Therapy

Answer 7

Interventions into an individual’s biological functioing, which can include drugs, psychosurgery, or electroconvulsive shock

Question 8

Anxiety disorders:

Answer 8

result of unresolved intrapsychic conflicts residing in the unconscious

Question 9

What did Carl rogers believe

Answer 9

differs from the psychodynamic perspective as to the cause of anxiety

Believed that anxiety disorders are the result of a belief that affection is conditional to one’s achievements ; incongruent self concept

Question 10

Conditional love

Answer 10

motivates us to distort reality to conceal our weaknesses and mistkaes; causing incongruence between reality and our self concept

More incongruence leads to more anxiety

We engage in further distortions of reality and self-deception to reduce anxiety

Question 11

What did Carl rogers develop

Answer 11

Developed his own psychotherapy; Client Centred Therapy: Humanist Existentialist

Goal: reorganize personality by addressing the clinet’s beliefs about affection

To foster a belief in the client that affection is unconditional

If incongruence and anxiety result from Conditional Regard,then the solution is to change the client’s belief about affection reflect Unconditional Regard

This will reduce incongruence in the self-concept ; fostering personal acceptance and alleviate anxiety

Question 12

What factors did Carl Rogers therapy include?

Answer 12

Does so by fostering a Therapeutic Climate that is warm supportive and accepting of the client

Therapist gives the client Unconditional Positive Regard (therapist accepts and cares for the client no matter what, doesn’t necessarily mean he agrees with their actions

Genuineness: therapist must be willing to share their feelings with the client and talk about their own mistakes, failures and shortcoming ; builds trust in the relationship and also models positive communication to the client

Empathy: therapist must understand the client’s experiences from the client’s point of view

Question 13

Patients

Answer 13

Patients: psychodynamic perspectives

Therapist/patient; impies therapist maintains higher status in the relationship

Therapist is responsible for the patient’s progress in therapy; uses interpretation to reveal the hidden meaning behind the patient’s thoughts and feelings

Question 14

Client

Answer 14

Client: humanist existentialists

Therapist/client: implies that the therapist and the client share equal status in the relationship

The client is responsible for the pace and direction of their therapy

Provide clarification

Question 15

Difference between humanists and existentialists

Answer 15

Humanists: foster self-actualization whereas existentialists help the client discover their genuine self

Humanists believe anxiety comes from inconguence whereas existentialists believe anxiety results from our realization that we are mortal

Question 16

Aaron Beck

Answer 16

depression researcher who suggested that overly negative thought patterns were responsible for causing people’s depressed states

Developed cognitive therapy; help people recognize their maladaptive beliefs to promote more realistic evaluations of the self, the world and the future

Goal; recognize automated thought patterns instead of personaility

Critiscm: simply treating the symptoms of the condition instead of addressing the underlying problem

Question 17

Perspective of behavioural therapy

Answer 17

From this perspective the underlying root of a psychological condition is irrelevant

Important assumption; problematic behaviour has been learned by way of classical or operant conditioning at some point in the past

Problematic behaviour can be unlearned by way of classical or operant conditioning

Question 18

Methods of behavioural therapy (just list them)

Answer 18

1. Counterconditioning
2. Exposure therapy
3. Aversion therapy
4. Social skills therapy

Question 19

Counter conditioning

Answer 19

one conditioned response is replaced by a different conditioned response (positive emotion)

Question 20

Exposure therapy

Answer 20

principles of classical conditioning is applied

Replacing an aversive response with a desirable response

Expose individual to fear provoking stimuli without harming hthem

Promote extinction of the fear response

Doesn’t happen naturally because phobic response is acquired through classical conditioning but is maintained by operant conditioning

Counterconditioning used to lead to extinction; exposed to fearful stimulus in a controlled setting

Systematic desensitization; goal is to replace a phobic response with relaxation

Step 1: train individual to induce a state of deep muscle relaxation

Step 2: build and anxiety hierachy ; imagine each scenario on the hierarchy without anxiety

Step 3: actually encountering the scenarios, relaxation training is used to counter condition any anxiety

Question 21

Aversion therapy

Answer 21

principles of classical conditioning is applied

Replaces a desirable response with an aversive response

Because the desirable response is problematic in some way

Emetic drug: induces nausea and vomiting (ex. Disulfiram, used to metabolize alcohol)

Used a last resort and would be administered in conjunction with other forms of therapy

Question 22

Social skills training and its three principles

Answer 22

behavioural therapy that strives to improve interpersonal proficiency in individuals diagnosed with autism/schizophrenia who exhibit social ineptitude (which elevate stress level, inhibit social adjustment, exacerbate their symptoms)

Approach employes three principles from operant conditioning and observational learning:

Modeling: the individual observes socially skilled peers and colleagues while the therapist draw attention to specific elements of the model’s behaviour

Ex. Therapist might direct an individual diagnosed with autism to observe how the model maintains eye contact while talking

Behavioural Rehearsal: individual implements and practices these social skills in role-playing exercise

Therapist provides feedback, and reinforces specific actions with praise and affection

Shaping: the therapy gradually increases the complextity of social situation