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Term 2! > BIOL 273 - Unit 2.1 > Flashcards

BIOL 273 - Unit 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Three functions of the nervous system

A
  1. Receives information (using sensory neurons to receive from external environment)
  2. Integrates information (organizes info and brings it together with already stored info)
  3. Transduces information (sends apprpriate signals to the appropriate target)
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2
Q

Two main parts of the nervous system

A
  1. Central Nervous system
  2. Peripheral nervous system
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3
Q

Central nervous system made up of

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Peripheral Nervous system

A

Part of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord
- consists of sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) neurons

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5
Q

Neurons

A
  • generate and trasmit electrical impulses over long distances
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6
Q

4 main parts of the neuron

A
  1. Soma (cell body)
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
  4. Axon terminals
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7
Q

Soma

A

cell body
- nucleus and biosynthetic machinery
- center of the chemical processes
- keeps cell alive

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8
Q

Clusters of cells bodies in the CNS

A

nuclei

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8
Q

Dendrites

A

slender processes that receive information
- transmits electrical signals towards soma

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8
Q

Clusters of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglion

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9
Q

Axon

A

cytoplasmic extension that sends out information
- transmits electrical signal away from soma

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10
Q

Bundles of axons in the CNS forming a pathway are known as

A

Tracts

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11
Q

Bundles of axons in the PNS forming a pathway are known as

A

Nerve (which extends from th CNS to the targets of the component neurons)

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12
Q

Axon Terminals

A
  • end of axon
  • connection between neuron and other cells
  • participates in synapse (called presynaptic)
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13
Q

Three ways neurons structures can be classified

A
  1. Pseudounipolar
  2. Bipolar
  3. Multipolar
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14
Q

Pseudounipolar

A

somatic sensory neurons
- axon and dendrites fuse during development into a single process

15
Q

Bipolar

A

smell/vision sensory neurons
- they contain a single axon and dendrite

16
Q

Multipolar

A

CNS and effertent
- have a single axon process
- have two or more dendrites

17
Q

Three ways a neuron can be classified according to function

A
  1. Afferent (sensory) neurons
  2. Interneurons
  3. Efferent (motor) neurons
18
Q

Afferent (sensory) neurons

A
  • receive information from the receptor cells
  • transmit sensory information to the CNS
  • cell bodies are located outside the CNS
  • Long cytoplasmic extensions transmit information to cells (interneurons) within the CNS
19
Q

Interneurons

A
  • These neurons are located inside the CNS
  • Makes up 96% of all neurons
  • Transmit information signals within CNS
  • Integrate infor from afferent neurons and previous info and transmit signals to efferent neurons
20
Q

Efferent (motor) neurons

A
  • receive information from the interneurons
  • efferent neuron cell bodies are located within CNS
  • Cytoplasmic extensions transmit info to Effectors such a muscles, glands etc
21
Q

Glial cells

A
  • associated with neurons
  • DO NOT CARRY electrical signals over long distances
  • communicate with each other and with nearby neurons using electrical and chemical signals
22
Q

Two ways Glial cells contribute to the function of neurons in two main ways

A
  1. Aid in nerve impulse conduction
  2. Maintain the microenvironment around neurons
23
Q

2 types of glial cells of the Peripheral Nervous System

A
  1. Schwann cells
  2. Satellite cells
24
Q

Schwann cells

A
  • glial cell of pns
  • wraps around axons
  • forms myelin (which acts as an electrical insulator)
25
Q

Satellite cells

A
  • non-myelinating schwann cells
  • support nerve cell bodies
26
Q

4 types of glial cells of the Central nervous system

A
  1. Oligodendria
  2. Astroglia (astrocytes)
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
27
Q

Oligodendria

A

they are the CNS version of the Schwann cell
- wrap around axons

28
Q

Astroglia

A

small star shaped cells
- contacts blood vessels and neurons
- maintain neuron microenvironment (helps maintain homeostasis in extracellular fluid around neurons)

29
Q

Microglia

A

very small specialized immune cell (macrophage-like)
- function is to remove damaged cells and foreign invaders

30
Q

Ependymal cells

A
  • epithelial cells that produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
  • Create selectively permeable barrier between compartments of the brain

Term 2! (59 decks)

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