KIN 100 - Skeletal System and Muscular System (lecture 2)

Question 1

Tubercle

Answer 1

A small rounded eminence, usually less rough than a tuberostity
(serve as attachment sites for tendons, ligaments and other connective tissue)

Question 2

Malleolus

Answer 2

A rounded bony prominence
ex. at sides of ankle joint
(serve as attachment sites for tendons, ligaments and other connective tissue)

Question 3

Tuberosity

Answer 3

A large, usually roughened eminence
(serve as attachment sites for tendons, ligaments and other connective tissue)

Question 4

Trochanter

Answer 4

A large, blunt projection found only on the femur
(serve as attachment sites for tendons, ligaments and other connective tissue)

Question 5

Epicondyle, where is it typically found

Answer 5

A prominence above or on a condyle; found only at the elbow and knee
(serve as attachment sites for tendons, ligaments and other connective tissue)

Question 6

crest

Answer 6

a prominent ridge of bone
(serve as attachment sites for tendons, ligaments and other connective tissue)

Question 7

spine

Answer 7

a sharp slender process, can also be called a spinous process
(serve as attachment sites for tendons, ligaments and other connective tissue)

Question 8

Trochlea

Answer 8

A pulley-like surface
(assists in forming joints)

Question 9

Condyle

Answer 9

A relatively large, rounded, knucle-like process ofr articulation
(assists in forming joints)

Question 10

Head

Answer 10

A rounded enlargement at the end of a bone beyond the constricted portion
(assists in forming joints)

Question 11

Facet

Answer 11

A flat or slightly curved articular surface of a synovial joint
(assists in forming joints)

Question 12

Foramen (hole)

Answer 12

A rounded opening through which blood vessels, nerves, ligaments, or other strucutres pass;
ex; the vertebral foramen for the spinal cord

Question 13

Meatus (canal)

Answer 13

A tube like passageway running within a bone

Question 14

Sinus

Answer 14

An air filled cavity within a bone

Question 15

Alveolus

Answer 15

a deep narrow pit; ex: tooth socket

Question 16

Groove or sulcus

Answer 16

A furrow or groove that accommodates a soft structrue such as blood vessel, nerve, or tendon

Question 17

Notch

Answer 17

An opening along the edge of a bone that accomodates a soft structure such as a blood vessel, nerve , or tendon

Question 18

Fossa

Answer 18

A brain-like depression in, or on, a bone

Question 19

Fovea

Answer 19

A small pit or fossa

Question 20

Processes

Answer 20

Projections from the main part of the bone

Question 21

When do bone markings appear

Answer 21

Wherever tendons, ligaments, or connective tissue attach

Question 22

tendons

Answer 22

connective tissue connecting muscle to bone

Question 23

ligaments

Answer 23

connective tissue connecting bone to bone

Question 24

joint

Answer 24

articulations
- wherever two or more bones are united

Question 25

Long bones

Answer 25

are tubular

Question 26

Short bones

Answer 26

are cubed shaped

Question 27

Flat bones

Answer 27

usually protect underlying organs

Question 28

Irregular bones

Answer 28

have unique shapes

Question 29

Sesamoid bones (shape and where are they developed)

Answer 29

develop in tendons and are shaped like seeds

Question 30

Axial skeleton consists of

Answer 30

skull, ribcage, vertebral column

Question 31

Appendicular skeleton consists of

Answer 31

pectoral girdle, upper limb bones, pelvic girdle, lower limb bones

Question 32

Fibrous joints

Answer 32

• tough tissue that articulates bones
• allow little to no movement
• ex. skull structures
• syndesmosis between radius and ulna
• gomphosis between tooth and socket

Question 33

Primary cartilaginous joints are called

Answer 33

synchondroses; bones are united by hyaline cartilage and allow slight bending during early life

Question 34

Characteristics of primary cartilagionous joints

Answer 34

• temporary to allow for bone growth in length at epiphyseal (growth) plates
• present in early life and may disappear

Question 35

Secondary cartilaginous joints are called

Answer 35

symphyses; bones are united by fibrocartilage and are strong and slightly moveable
- whole duration of life
- ex pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 36

Synovial joints

Answer 36

• allow lots of movement
• articulating bones are united by an articular capsule: outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane
• synovial fluid is contained in the joint cavity between two bones

Question 37

6 subtypes of synovial joints

Answer 37

1. Plane
2. Hinge
3. Saddle
4. Condyloid
5. Ball and Socket
6. Pivot

Question 38

Plane joint

Answer 38

(gliding)
- usually uniaxial
- permit gliding or sliding movements
ex. between clavicle and acromiun (acromioclavicular joint)

Question 39

Hinge joint

Answer 39

• uniaxial /move in 1 plane or direction
• permit flexion and extension only
  ex. humerus and radius make elbow joint

Question 40

Saddle joint

Answer 40

• biaxial
• saddle shaped heads permit movement in two different planes
• flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
• cant rotate
• ex. Trapezium and first metacarpal make carpometacarpal joint

Question 41

Condyloid

Answer 41

• elliptical movement (oval shaped socket)
• biaxial
• permit flexion and extension, abduction and adduction and circumduction
• ex. second metacarpal and proximal phalanx makes metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 42

Ball and socket joint

Answer 42

• multiaxial
• a round head fits into a concavity, permitting movement on several axes
• acetabulum and head of femur make the hip joint

Question 43

Pivot joint

Answer 43

• uniaxial
• rounded process of bones fits into a bony ligamentous socket, permitting rotation
• ex vertabrae forming the atlanto axial joint