KIN 100 - The Back (lecture 3) Flashcards
How many vertabrae total in adults
33
How many cervical vertabrae
7
How many thoracic vertabrae
12
How many lumbar vertabrae
5
How many sacral vertabrae that fuse to become the scrum
5
How many coccygal that fuse to become the coccyx
4
Where is movement permitted in terms of vertebrae
between vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar areas
What kind of movements can be made with the vertebral column
Forward Flexion, Lateral flexion, extension, rotation
Cervical body size and shape
Small and rectangular
Thoracic body size and shape
Medium and heart shaped; have costal facets for ribs
Lumbar body size and shape
Large and kidney shaped
Cervical Transverse processes
Contain foramina for passage of the vertebral arteries
Thoracic transverse processes contain …
Have articular facets for ribs
Lumbar transverse processes
Long and slender
Cervical Spinous process
bifid
Thoracic spinous process
long and slender
Lumbar spinous process
short and hatchet shaped
Cervical articular facets
facing superiorly, and inferiorly, allowing for movement in all directions
Thoracic articular facets
Facing anteriorly and posteriorly, allowing for roation and lateral flexion
lumbar articular facets
facing medially and laterally, allowing for flexion and extension
intervertebral discs : what are the joints of the vertebral bodies
secondary cartilaginous joints called symphyses
What 2 things are the intervertebral discs composed of
What do they allow
- Outer annulus fibrosus
- Inner nucleus pulposes
Movement and shock absorbers
What are the joints of the vertebral arches called
zygapophyseal or facet joints
What kind of synovial joint is formed by the articulations between superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebrae
Plane/gliding joint
How is the Atlanto-occipital joint formed and
By the articulation between the atlas (C1) and the occipital bone of the skull
How is the Atlanto-Axial Joint formed
- ## formed by the articulation between the atlas (C1) and the dens of the axis (C2)
4 vertebral curvatures
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
Describe the vertebral curvatures in a fetus
all 4 are concave anteriorly (primary curvature)
Describe the cervical curvature of a baby who can hold their head up
convex anteriorly , they are secondary/lordotic
Describe the lumbar curvature of a toddler who is starting to stand/walk
convex anteriorly, they are lordotic/secondary
What two vertebral curvatures are primary/khyphotic
Thoracic and Sacral
Describe the curvature kyphosis (hunchback)
an exaggerated thoracic curvature
- common with old age and osteoporosis
Describe the curvature lordosis (swayback)
an exaggerated lumbar curvature
- common in pregnancy and obesity
Describe the curvature scoliosis
vertebral column deviates from side to side
What are deep back muscles also known as and their function
Intrinsic back muscles
- maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column
The three back muscles of the erector spinae group, most lateral to medial
- Iliocostalis
- Longissimus
- Spinalis
Iliocostalis attachment
to the ribs
Spinalis attachment
spinous processes
What kind of synovial joint is the Atlanto occipital joint
What movement does it permit
Condyloid joint
Flexion and extension of the head , nodding yes
What kind of synovial joint is the atlanto axial joint
What movement does it permit
Pivot joint
Rotation of head, shaking no
What two curvatures in the vertebral column are secondary/lordotic
Cervical and lumbar
