Mitosis and Meiosis Questions

Question 1

what is the process of mitosis?

Answer 1

During Mitosis, the pairs of chromatids condense and attach to fibers that pull sister chromatids to opposite side of the cell. The cell then divides during cytokinesis to produce 2 identical daughter cells.

Question 2

What is the process of meiosis?

Answer 2

Each cell in the process of meiosis involves the cell growing, dividing, splitting, and dividing again in order to produce 4 haploid daughter cells in the end.

Question 3

Which cells undergo Mitosis?

Answer 3

Autosomal cells (asexual reproduction) in animals, somatic cells divide by mitosis for the purpose of growth, repair, and replacement.

Question 4

Which cells undergo meiosis?

Answer 4

germ cells only (sperm and egg) which is key to sexual reproduction.

Question 5

Describe the parent cell in mitosis

Answer 5

The parent cells are diploid 2n

The daughter cells are also diploid and identical to the parent.

Question 6

When is DNA replicated for mitosis and how many times does replication and nuclear division occur for mitosis?

Answer 6

Replication (chromosomes doubled)occurs during S phase of interphase. Like nuclear division, it only happens once.

Question 7

What happens during nuclear division in mitosis?

Answer 7

The nucleus divides into 2 identical nuclei.

Question 8

Describe the parent cell in meiosis

Answer 8

The parent cell is haploid, the daughter cells are 4 haploid and are different (half their parent)

Question 9

Does meiosis reduce the number of chromosomes?

Answer 9

Yes, meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produce 4 gamete cells

Question 10

Describe meiosis I

Answer 10

a diploid germ cell replicated its chromosomes and forms a tetrad (pairs of duplicated homo. chrom.); each duplicated homologous chromosomes is separated from its partner.

Question 11

Describe Meiosis II

Answer 11

In meiosis II, two haploid cells divide; just like mitosis, sister chromatids are separated (reduction division)

Question 12

What is the main difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

Answer 12

Meiosis has two rounds of genetic separation and cellular division while mitosis only has one of each. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate leading to daughter cells that are not identical. In mitosis, the daughter cells are identical to the parent as well as to each other.

Question 13

When is genetic variation introduced during meiosis?

Answer 13

Metaphase I & II

Question 14

Mitosis in Prophase

Answer 14

Chromatin condenses down to form chromosomes. The nuclear envelope breaks down and disappears, centrosomes appear near the middle of the cell and move toward the poles of the cell. Spindle fibers form.

Question 15

Mitosis in Metaphase

Answer 15

Where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

Question 16

Mitosis in Anaphase

Answer 16

Begins when the chromosomes begin to move apart, ends when the chromosomes reach the poles of the cell and stop moving

Question 17

Mitosis in Telophase

Answer 17

Chromosomes de-condenses and unwinds back into chromatin, the nuclear envelope reforms, centrosomes break down, spindle fibers break down

Question 18

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 18

Occurs during telophase and is when the cell splits into two daughter cells with identical genetic information

Question 19

What are the 2 main purposes of meiosis I?

Answer 19

It is the reduction division, so it reduces the number of chromosomes in half making the daughter cells haploid (when the parent cells are diploid)
AND it is during meiosis I that most of the genetic recombination occurs

Question 20

Meiosis I in Prophase I

Answer 20

Cross-over happens in the phase, similar to mitosis. The difference is what the chromosomes are doing with themselves.

Question 21

Meiosis I in Metaphase I

Answer 21

Tetrads line up at the equator. The spindle has completely formed. (genetic variability introduced)

Question 22

Meiosis I in Anaphase I

Answer 22

Tetrads pull apart and chromosomes with two chromatids move toward the poles.
(homologous pairs separate)

Question 23

Meiosis I in Telophase I

Answer 23

Chromosomes with two chromatids de-condense and a nuclear envelope reforms around them. Each nucleus is now haploid.

Question 24

Why go through meiosis II?

Answer 24

At the end of meiosis I, each chromosome still had two chromatids. That is double the amount of DNA that a cell should have. So the reason to go through meiosis II is to reduce the amount of DNA back to normal.
each daughter cell has only one chromatid per chromosome

Question 25

Meiosis II in Prophase II

Answer 25

Chromosomes with 2 chromatids become visible as they condense

Question 26

Meiosis II in Metaphase II

Answer 26

Chromosomes with two chromatids line up at the equator. The spindle is fully formed (genetic variability introduced)

Question 27

Meiosis II in Anaphase II

Answer 27

Chromosomes spilt, so that a chromosome with only 1 chromatid head toward the each pole

Question 28

Meiosis II in Telophase II

Answer 28

Chromosomes with only one chromatid de-condense and get surrounded by new nuclear envelopes.

Question 29

End results of Meiosis II

Answer 29

The four daughter cells are now all haploid and have the right amount of DNA. They are ready to develop into sperm or eggs now

Question 30

T/F the zygote develops into an embryo via meiosis

Answer 30

False, the zygote does this via mitosis

Question 31

T/F the zygote is a haploid cell

Answer 31

False, the zygote is diploid

Question 32

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 32

22 pairs called autosomes, from both maternal and paternal parent

Question 33

What are non-homologous chromosomes?

Answer 33

Sex chromosomes, 1 pair from each parent