Micro final Flashcards
viral meningitis cause
RNA virus in the genus enterovirus.
Coxackie A virus, B virus and echoviru
Viral meningitis symptoms/signs
similar to those of bacterial meningitis but more mild. (fever, meningeal inflammation, increased wbc in csf)
encephalitis cause
rabies, herpes, dengue, aids, yellow fever.
encephalitis symptoms/signs
fever, headache, drowsiness, lethargy, coma, tremors, stiff neck
Botulism cause
botulinum
botulism s/s
foodborne, infant, and wond.
foodborn botulism
progressive paralysis on both sides of the body. slow recovery from growth of new nerve cell endings
infant botulism
results from the ingestion of endospores, nonspecific symptoms
wound botulism
contamination fo a wound by endospores. symptoms are similar to foodborne botulism
tetanus cause
clostridium tetani
teanus s/s
tightening of the jaw (lockjaw). spasms and contractions may spread to other muscles. irregular heartbeat and blood pressure and profuse sweating may occur
hansen’s disease (leprosy) cause
mycobacterium leprae
hanse’s disease s/s
tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy
tuberculoid leprosy
nonprogressive form of the disease. strong cell mediated immune response
lepromatous leprosy
more virulent form of the disease. weak cell mediated immune response
Polio cause
poliovirus
polio s/s
asymptomatic: 90% of cases Minor: nonspecific symptoms nonparalytic: muscle spasms and back pain paralytic: produces paralysis Postpolio: can be debilitating
brucellosis cause
brucella melitensis strains
brucellosis s/s
fluctuating fever that spikes every afternoon
Yersnia pestis
causes pneumonia, called pneumonic plague
Infectious mononucleosis cause
epstein-barr virus (ebv or hhv-4)
infectious mononucleosis s/s
severe sore throat and fever occur initially. followed by swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, appetite loss, and a skin rash
schistosomiasis cause
caused by 3 species of schistosoma
schistosomiasis s/s
swimmers itch may occur at infection site. eggs deposited throughout body can cause other symptoms
diphtheria cause
corynebacterium diphteriae
diphtheria s/s
sore throat, localized pain, fever, presence of pseudomembrane that can obstruct airways
Neisseria meningitidis characteristic s
gram negative cocci, known as meningococcus
neisseria meningitidis virulence factors
fimbriae, capsule, and lipligosaccharide help the bacteria attach to cells
francisella tularensis characteristics
gram negative cocci, survives within infected cells
francisella tularensis virulence factors
endotoxin
streptococus pyogenes characteristics
it is a respiratory diseas, and a group A streptococi
Streptococus pyogenes virulence
m proteins, hyaluronic acid capsule, streptokinases, c5a peptidase, pyrogenic toxins, streptolysin.
streptococcus pneumoniae characteristics
bacterial pneumonias, pneumococal pneumonia enters the lungs
streptococcus pneumoniae virulence
adhesins, capsule, pneumolysin
streptoccus agalactiae at risk
patients that have not taken penicillin at birth (newborns)
listeria monocytogenes at risk
pregnant women, fetuses, newborns, and the elderly or immunocompromised
Neisseria meningitides at risk
newborns
toxoplasma at risk
fetus
pnemocystis at risk
AIDS patients
viral meningitis diagnosis
diagnosed by characteristic signs and symptoms in the absence of bacteria in the CSF
viral encephalitis diagnosis
diagnosis based on signs and symptoms. confirmed by presence of abrovirus-specific antibodies in CSF
Rabies treatment
treated with human rabies immunoglobulin, vaccine injections, and cleansing infection site
Pertussis (whooping cough)
primarily supportive
viral encephalitis reservoir/host
reservoir: zoonotic disease (pigs), rarely affect humans
host: blood sucking anthropoids (mosquitos)
Yellow fever reservoir/host
reservoir: liver of human
host: aedes mosquito
dengue fever reservoir/host
reservoir: humans
host: aedes mosquito
hantavirus reservoir/host
reservoir: humans, via blood
host: mice, via inhalation
primary amebic meningoencephalopathy transmission
enter host through abrasions on the skin or the eyelid or by inhalation of contaminated water
blastomycosis transmission
enters body through inhalation of dust carrying fungal spores
Legionella transmission
domestic water soruces
septicemia:
any microbial infection of the blood that produces illness
bacteremia:
bacterial septicemia
toxemia
release of bacterial toxins into the blood
coccidioidomycosis
southwestern U.S and northern Mexico
Blastomycosis
eastern U.S
Histoplasmosis
prevalent in the eastern U.S some parts in south america, and big in Africa
