chapter 1 Flashcards
Science
Knowledge of natural world
based on knowledge and experiments
stuff that we know
Nature
Everything in the universe except what humans have manufactured.
Atoms
are fundamental building blocks of all substances, living and nonliving
Molecules
Next level after atoms, they are when atoms form together
Cell
the smallest unit of life that can survive and reproduce on its own, given information in DNA
Organism
An individual that consist of one or more cells
Population
A group of individuals of the same kind of organism, or species, living in a specified area.
Community
consists of all populations of all species in a specified area
Ecosystem
A community interacting with its physical and chemical environment
Biosphere
Encompasses all regions of Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere in which organisms live
Emergent property
Characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of its component parts.
Energy
IS the capacity to do work
Nutrient
Is a type of atom or molecule that has an essential role in growth and survival and that an organism cannot make for itself
Producers
Acuire energy and simple raw material from environmental sources and make their own food.
Photosynthesis
Plants using sunlight energy to make sugars from dioxide and water
Consumers
Cannot make their own food.
Receptor
A molecule or cellular structure that responds to a specific form of stimulation.
Homoeostasis
Adjusting to change to keep organism alive
Maintaining a balance that a cell can handle
DNA
Nucleic acid, signature molecule of life.
Heredity information
Traits
Distinct features in individuals
Inheritance
Transmission of DNA from parents to offsprings
By Asexual and Sexual reproduction
Development
Transformation of the first cell of an individual to a new one
Genus
Group of species that share a unique set of features.
Single Celled Organism are
Bacteria and Archaeans, they are prokaryotic which is no nucleus
DNA stored in a single-stranded circular form
Eukarya
has a nucleus
DNA stored in double-stranded helix, single or mutilcellular
Fungi
Multi celled, usually mushrooms
Plants
Multicelled species
Animals
mutlicelled, consumers
Do NOT have a cell wall
Mutations
changes in DNA
Adaptive Trait
a vetter chance of surfing and passing its DNA to offspring than other individuals of the population
Natural Selection
Differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population that differ in the details of their heritable trait
Evolution
Change in a line of descent
Critical Thinking
judging information before accepting it
Atomic Theory
All substance are composed of atoms
Gravitation
Objects attract one another with a force that depends on their mass and how close together they are
Cell theory
All organisms consist of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life and all cells arise from existing cells
Germ Theory
Microorganisms cause many diseases
Plate Tectonics
Earth’s crust is cracked into pieces that move in relation to one another
Evolution
Change occurs in ones of decent
Control Group
“Eats regular potato chips”
Experimental Group
“Eats lays potato chips”
inductive reasoning
from specific to general
deductive reasoning
from general to specific
Variables Independent
set by experimenter
variables dependent
outcome of manipulating independent variable
Asexual
results in clone, one parent
sexual
two parents
unity
shared features
diversity
heritable changes along the way
external environment
temp, water
internal environment
pH, comp of fluids inside
Prokaryotes
Dna not contained in nucleus
Genus and species are
italicized
Bacteria
All single celled prokaryotic
4 kingdoms
plants, animals, fungus, protista
