chapter 3

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Most abundant biological molecules. Function as energy reservoirs and structural materials.

Question 2

Lipids

Answer 2

Function as energy reservoirs and as waterproofing or lubricating substances. Insoluble in water

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

Structurally and functionally, most diverse. Include enzymes, structural material, signaling molecules and transporters. Organic compound composed of one or more chains of amino acids

Question 4

Nucleotides and nucleic acids

Answer 4

Two kinds of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, interact as the cell’s system of storing, retrieving, and translating information about building proteins

Question 5

Functional Group

Answer 5

cluster of atoms covalently bonded to a carbon atom of an organic molecule.

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

Refers to activities by which cells acquire and use energy as they construct, rearrange, and split organic compounds

Question 7

Condensation

Answer 7

two molecules covalently bond into a larger one

Question 8

Cleavage

Answer 8

A molecule splits into two smaller ones. hydrolysis is an example

Question 9

functional group transfer

Answer 9

a functional group is transferred from one molecule to another

Question 10

rearrangement

Answer 10

juggling of covalent bonds converts one organic compound into another

Question 11

Hydrolysis

Answer 11

the reverse of condensation. Splits large molecules into smaller ones

Question 12

Monomers

Answer 12

subunits to build larger molecules that are structural and functional parts of cells, to build polymers

Question 13

Polymers

Answer 13

Chains of monomers.

Question 14

Carbohydrates consist of

Answer 14

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 15

Oligosaccharide

Answer 15

Short chain of covalently bonded monosaccharides

Question 16

Complex carbohydrates

Answer 16

Straight or branched chains of many sugar monomers

Question 17

Fatty Acids

Answer 17

Simple organic compounds that have a carboxyl group joined to a backbone of four to thirty six carbon atoms

Question 18

Fats

Answer 18

Lipids with one, two or three fatty acids that dangle like tails from a small alcohol called glycerol

Question 19

Triglycerides

Answer 19

Fats with three fatty acid tails linked to the glycerol

Question 20

Phospholipids

Answer 20

Has a polar head with a phosphate in it, and two non polar fatty acid tails

Question 21

Waxes

Answer 21

complex, varying mixture of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long chain alcohols or carbon rings

Question 22

Steroids

Answer 22

Lipids with a rigid backbone of four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails.

Question 23

Amino Acid

Answer 23

A small organic compound with an amine group, a carboxyl group, and one or more atoms .

Question 24

Polypeptides

Answer 24

Protein synthesis involves bonding amino acids into chains

Question 25

Denature

Answer 25

molecules shape unravels and longer function

Question 26

Monosaccharides

Answer 26

Simple sugars

Question 27

Oligosaccharides

Answer 27

Short chained carbohydrates

Question 28

Polysaccharides

Answer 28

Complex carbohydrates

Question 29

Glycerides

Answer 29

Glycerol backbone with one, two or three fatty acid tails

Question 30

Phospholipids

Answer 30

Glycerol backbone, phosphate group, another polar group, often two fatty acids

Question 31

Fibrous Proteins

Answer 31

Long strands of polypeptide chains

Question 32

Globular proteins

Answer 32

one or more polypeptide chains folded into globular shape

Question 33

Nucleotides

Answer 33

small organic molecules

Question 34

ATP

Answer 34

Nucleotide, has a row of three phosphate groups attached to its sugar. High energy

Question 35

Nucleic acids

Answer 35

Polymers, chains of nucleotides in which the sugar of one nucleotide is joined to the phosphate group of the next

Question 36

RNA

Answer 36

Ribonucleic acid, named after ribose sugar of its component nucleotides. important in protein synthesis

Question 37

DNA

Answer 37

consists of two nucleotide chains twisted together

Question 38

Hydrolysis

Answer 38

breaking bond using water

Question 39

Four nucleic Acids

Answer 39

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, cytosine