DNA Structure and Function

Question 1

What happened in Mice lab with bacteria

Answer 1

The killer bacteria was heated, but the hereditary information was still present so when combined with harmless bacteria, traits were found to be equally diverse

Question 2

Bacteriophage

Answer 2

type of virus that infects bacteria, like a virus, has genetic material

Question 3

DNA, not protein is

Answer 3

the material of heredity common to all life on earth

Question 4

4 types of nucleotides linked to DNA

Answer 4

Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

A and T are always together, G and C are together

Question 5

DNA Sequence

Answer 5

The order in which one base pair follows the next

Question 6

DNA is the molecule of

Answer 6

inheritance in every cell, basis of lives, and variation in its base sequence from one individual or one species to the next is the basis of life’s diversity

Question 7

A cell copies…

Answer 7

its DNA before mitosis or meiosis

Question 8

DNA polymerase

Answer 8

does the copying before mitosis or meiosis

Question 9

Semiconservative replication

Answer 9

the process of dan strands replicating and the new strand goes winds up with the old one

Question 10

DNA ligase

Answer 10

joins segments into a continuous strand of DNA

Question 11

DNA repair mechanisms

Answer 11

fix DNA by enzymatically excising and replacing any damaged or mismatched bases before replication begins

Question 12

Reproductive cloning

Answer 12

results in genetic copy of an adult individual, asexual

Question 13

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Answer 13

removes the nucleus from an unfertilized egg, then inserts into the egg a nucleus from an adult animal cell.

Question 14

Therapeutic cloning

Answer 14

using stem cells for potential medical benefits

Question 15

Chromatin

Answer 15

dna associated with protein

Question 16

nucleosome

Answer 16

smallest unit of chromosomal organization in eurkaryotes

Question 17

autosomes

Answer 17

each pair of chromosomes has a characteristics such as length and shape

Question 18

monomers of nucleic acid

Answer 18

nucleotide

Question 19

carbon 5

Answer 19

where phosphate groups attach

Question 20

adenosine pairs with

Answer 20

thymine 2 hydrogen bond

Question 21

quanine pairs with

Answer 21

cytosine 3 hydrogen bond

Question 22

mutation

Answer 22

change in dna sequence

Question 23

Give an example of a ‘motor protein’ and its function (is ATP required for that function?

Answer 23

Myosin for muscle contraction and its ATP dependent

Question 24

How do pseudopodia form and why is the ability to form these structures beneficial for the cell?

Answer 24

To move to capture food

Question 25

Flagella have the same structure and function in prokaryotes and eukaryotes T or F

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

Which of the following is true of Cilia and Flagella in eukaryotes?

Answer 26

both of these structures are composed of microtubules

Question 27

The Endomembrane System compartmentalizes the cell by separating its internal components from the remaining cytoplasmic contents of the cell T or F

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis

Answer 28

Endocytis is a process in the cell that happens when a cell is taking in a substance(Nutrients, Medicine, etc.) for uses inside the cell,
Exocytosis is when the cell is getting rid of the waste

Question 29

True or False: Energy from food that is not utilized by cell to build body mass is released as heat and can be utilized to drive other metabolic processes to fuel the body.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Where do cells store Energy? Which reactions require an energy input? Which reactions release energy? What is a reaction, anyway? (define) What is the difference between reactants and products? Which one has more energy?

Answer 30

The cells have phosphate and ADP groups floating around the cytoplasm. When these groups join, energy is stored for the cell to power things like active transport. When they join they become ATP a high energy compound. When the cell is ready to use the energy it breaks that chemical bond and they become ADP and a phosphate floating around the cytoplasm again.

Question 31

What does ATP stand for

Answer 31

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 32

Enzymes

Answer 32

they work by increasing the Activation Energy (the speed bump) to help the reaction proceed rapidly to completion

Question 33

Diffusion

Answer 33

random movement of molecules from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration, until they are equally distributed. (Passive/no cellular energy is needed to bring it about)

Question 34

Osmosis

Answer 34

movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane, from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.

Question 35

Hyptertonic

Answer 35

hypertonic solution is one with a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell. When a cell is immersed into a hypertonic solution, the tendency is for water to flow out of the cell in order to balance the concentration of the solutes.

Question 36

Hyptotonic

Answer 36

hypotonic cell environment is an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the cytoplasm of the cell. In a hypotonic environment, osmosis causes a net flow of water into the cell, causing the swelling and expansion of the cell. This swelling may lead to the bursting of the cell.

Question 37

isotonic environment

Answer 37

An isotonic environment is when the concentration of solutes and solvent (water) are the same.

Question 38

DNA molecule consists of

Answer 38

two nucleotide chains (strands), running in opposite directions and coiled into a double helix
The sugar (deoxyribose) of one nucleotide bonds to the phosphate of the next nucleotide to form the ‘backbone’