Lymphatic and Immunity Flashcards
Lymphatic system functions
return fluid/solutes
lipids absorbed by SI transported blood
Pathogens transported to lymph nodes
Vessels of lymphatic system parallel the vessels of the
circulatory system
Peristalsis
slow contracting of smooth muscle
extracellular matrix
outside the cell
extracellular fluid
not manufactured by cell
interstitial fluid
between cells
how many liters of lymph enter hear
3 liters
lymph nodes
lymph must pass through at least one node
thymus
originate in red bone marrow and site of t cells
spleen
recycling of RBCs
immunity
is the capacity to resist and combat infection by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and worms
Antigen
any molecule particle or cell recognized by the body as “non self”
PAMPs
pathogen associated molecular patterns
innate immunity
a general defense against infection; Immediate responses;
born with
adaptive immunity
is a sytem defenses specifically targets different antigens an individual may encounter during its lifetime;
acquired.
3 lines of defense are
physical, chemical and mechanical barriers; Skin for example
Innate
Adaptive
Phagocytes (WBC) are
cell eating
Secretory cells
mast cells
lymphocytes
B and T cells, NK cells
All white blood cells synthesize and secrete cell to cell signaling molecules
cytokines; which run the system that coordinate all aspects of immunity
Lysozyme
anti-bacterial enzyme
Innate immune system: complment proteins
are inactive in the blood &/Or interstitial fluid; become activated when they encounter antigen
Neutrophils are known as
kamikaze cells because they are short lived and explode to pathogens
Monocytes
circulate in blood; precursors of Macrophages when they leave blood
Macrophages
“Big eaters” in interstitial fluid engulf and digest essentially everything except undamaged cells
Dendritic cells
Patrol tissues tha contact the external environment and also engulf pathogens
Inflammation
response to tissue damage; characterized by redness, warmth and swelling/pain.
Cytokines stimulate brain cells to
release chemicals which act on the hypothalamus- causing vasoconstriction, increased heart&respiratory rates.
B cells synthesize, secrete and display
antibody Naiive B cells.
MHC markers
human self proteins , indicator saying its infected
Antibodies are Y shaped antigen receptors made by
B cells
Cell mediated Immunity
Cytotoxic T cells and NK cells detect and destroy infected or altered body cells; cancerous cells
Humoral Immunity
B cells produce antibodies that bind to antigens in blood or interstitial fluids
Macrophage are in
fluids
Dendricites are in
tissue
Memory cells
Lymphocytes produce B&T cells which can produce memory cells that provide “memory” for immune system for next infection if occurs
Effector cells
destroy most antigens-bearing agents
Naive B or T cell has not yet
encountered its specific antigen
Helper T cells bind antigen-MHC complexes on activated B cells and secrete
cytokines
B cells display
antibodies on the cell membrane
B cells also synthesize and secrete
Antibodies into blood
cytoxic T cell release protein-digesting enzymes and
perforins
Autoimmune system
an immune response that is misdirected against the person’s own tissues; ex: rheumatoid arthritis
Primary immodeficiency
results of mutation; ex: boy in bubble
Secondary immunodeficiency
results from a virus; ex: HIV
New stem cells arise from
Red bone Marrow
Old and destroyed/recycled are down by the
spleen
Totipotent stem cell
pontential to make a human
Unipotent stem cell
pontential to make anything
b cells
extracellular; makes plasma cells and release anti bodies
T cell
intracellular and cell mediated
NK cells
natural cells, kill ‘altered’ cells. Intracellular. MHC is there or not
Cytotoxic T cells
Kill with perforin; MHC must be present
Neutrophils
first responder, phagocytes
Dendritic cells
phagocytes, B cell, innate and acquired
Eosinphills
worms
basophils and mast cells
part of allergies; like histamine.
