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Bio 100 > Circulatory, respiratory, musucloskeletal (Final) > Flashcards

Circulatory, respiratory, musucloskeletal (Final) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pulse

A

ventricles contracts, artery walls bulge and spring back

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2
Q

distribution of blood is

A

adjusted by altering the diameter of arterioles

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3
Q

Capillary

A

cylinder of endothelial cells, exchanges between blood and interstitial fluid

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4
Q

Blood flows from capillaries

A

flow into venues (tiny views) which empty into veins which allows exchange of oxygen

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5
Q

veins have flaplike valves to

A

prevent backflow

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6
Q

blood pressure

A

exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

120/80

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7
Q

Systolic pressure

A

highest pressure of a cardiac cycle occurs as contracting ventricles of the heart force blood into arteries

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8
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

the lowest blood pressure of a cardiac cycle, occurs when ventricles of the heart are relaxed

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9
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

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10
Q

slow flow through capillaries enhances the rate of exchanges between

A

the blood and interstitial fluid

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11
Q

Lymph vascular system

A

consists of lymph capillaries and vessels that collect water and solutes from interstitial fluid and deliver them to the circulatory system

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12
Q

Lymph

A

fluid that moves through vessels

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13
Q

Circulatory sytem

A

distributes materials throughout the vertebrate body

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14
Q

Open circulatory system

A

heart pumps hemolymph

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15
Q

closed circulatory system

A

heart pumps blood

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16
Q

Fish heart chambers

A

1 atrium, 1 ventricle

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17
Q

Amphibians heart chambers

A

2 atria, 1 ventricle

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18
Q

Birds and mammals chambers

A

2 atria, 2 ventricles

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19
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

blood flows from right half of heart to lungs to gain oxygen

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20
Q

systemic circuit

A

blood flows from left heat to body to lose oxygen then back to right (pulmonary circuit)
(aorta)

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21
Q

Arteries

A

carry blood from ventricles to arterioles

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22
Q

arterioles

A

control blood distribution to capillaries

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23
Q

capillaries

A

exchange substances

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24
Q

venules

A

collect blood from capillaries

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25
Q

veins

A

deliver blood back to heart

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26
Q

an average adult human has about …..of blood

A

5 liters of blood

27
Q

blood’s fluid portion is

A

plasma

28
Q

plasma

A

is mostly water with hundreds of different plasma proteins dissolve in it

29
Q

red blood cells

A

contain hemoglobin that carries oxygen from lungs to tissues

30
Q

white blood cells

A

defend the body from pathogens

31
Q

Hemostasis

A

is a three-phase process that stops blood loss, constructs a framework for repairs

32
Q

atria vs ventricles chambers

A

atria collect blood, ventricles pump blood

33
Q

Diastole

A

relaxation

34
Q

Systole

A

contraction

35
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) node

A

in the wall of the right atrium, is the cardiac pacemaker-it generates about 70 action potential per minute

36
Q

Lungs

A

saclike respiratory organs with branching tubes that deliver air to a respiratory surface

37
Q

Pharynx

A

throat, where air enters

38
Q

larynx

A

voice box

39
Q

epiglottis protects

A

trachea

40
Q

Bronchioles delivers air to

A

alveoli

41
Q

Diaphragm

A

separates thoracic and abdominal cavities, expands and contracts for lung respiration

42
Q

respiratory cycle

A

consists of one inhalation and one exhalation

43
Q

medulla oblongata

A

brain stem are the control center for respiration

44
Q

____ each follow their partial pressure gradient across the membrane

A

02 and C02

45
Q

Axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, ribs

46
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

pelvic gridle, limbs

47
Q

foramen magnum

A

brain and spinal cord connect through an opening in the base of the skull

48
Q

Red marrow

A

in spongy bone forms blood cells, new blood cells

49
Q

Yellow marrow

A

long bones is mostly fat

50
Q

Osteoblasts

A

build bones

51
Q

osteocytes

A

mature osteoblasts

52
Q

ostseoclasts

A

break down bone matrix

53
Q

Osteoporosis

A

“porous bones”

when calcium is removed from bane than is deposited, bone becomes brittle and break easily

54
Q

joint

A

area of contact or near contact between bones

55
Q

ligaments

A

bone to bone

56
Q

ball and socket joints

A

shoulders

57
Q

gliding joints

A

wrists and ankles

58
Q

hinged joints

A

elbows and knees

59
Q

tendons

A

muscle to bone

60
Q

muscle fibers

A

a cylindrical contractile cell that runs the length of the muscle

61
Q

myofibrils

A

bundles of contractile filaments run the length of the muscle fiber

62
Q

muscle cells are like neurons in what way

A

they are excitable

63
Q

if no calcium is present then

A

no muscle contraction

64
Q

Myoglobin

A

have an abundance of mitochondria, produce ATP, allow aerobic respiration to continue even if blood flow is insufficient to meet oxygen need

Bio 100 (37 decks)

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