Circulatory, respiratory, musucloskeletal (Final) Flashcards
Pulse
ventricles contracts, artery walls bulge and spring back
distribution of blood is
adjusted by altering the diameter of arterioles
Capillary
cylinder of endothelial cells, exchanges between blood and interstitial fluid
Blood flows from capillaries
flow into venues (tiny views) which empty into veins which allows exchange of oxygen
veins have flaplike valves to
prevent backflow
blood pressure
exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels
120/80
Systolic pressure
highest pressure of a cardiac cycle occurs as contracting ventricles of the heart force blood into arteries
Diastolic pressure
the lowest blood pressure of a cardiac cycle, occurs when ventricles of the heart are relaxed
hypertension
high blood pressure
slow flow through capillaries enhances the rate of exchanges between
the blood and interstitial fluid
Lymph vascular system
consists of lymph capillaries and vessels that collect water and solutes from interstitial fluid and deliver them to the circulatory system
Lymph
fluid that moves through vessels
Circulatory sytem
distributes materials throughout the vertebrate body
Open circulatory system
heart pumps hemolymph
closed circulatory system
heart pumps blood
Fish heart chambers
1 atrium, 1 ventricle
Amphibians heart chambers
2 atria, 1 ventricle
Birds and mammals chambers
2 atria, 2 ventricles
Pulmonary circuit
blood flows from right half of heart to lungs to gain oxygen
systemic circuit
blood flows from left heat to body to lose oxygen then back to right (pulmonary circuit)
(aorta)
Arteries
carry blood from ventricles to arterioles
arterioles
control blood distribution to capillaries
capillaries
exchange substances
venules
collect blood from capillaries
veins
deliver blood back to heart
an average adult human has about …..of blood
5 liters of blood
blood’s fluid portion is
plasma
plasma
is mostly water with hundreds of different plasma proteins dissolve in it
red blood cells
contain hemoglobin that carries oxygen from lungs to tissues
white blood cells
defend the body from pathogens
Hemostasis
is a three-phase process that stops blood loss, constructs a framework for repairs
atria vs ventricles chambers
atria collect blood, ventricles pump blood
Diastole
relaxation
Systole
contraction
Sinoatrial (SA) node
in the wall of the right atrium, is the cardiac pacemaker-it generates about 70 action potential per minute
Lungs
saclike respiratory organs with branching tubes that deliver air to a respiratory surface
Pharynx
throat, where air enters
larynx
voice box
epiglottis protects
trachea
Bronchioles delivers air to
alveoli
Diaphragm
separates thoracic and abdominal cavities, expands and contracts for lung respiration
respiratory cycle
consists of one inhalation and one exhalation
medulla oblongata
brain stem are the control center for respiration
____ each follow their partial pressure gradient across the membrane
02 and C02
Axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, ribs
Appendicular skeleton
pelvic gridle, limbs
foramen magnum
brain and spinal cord connect through an opening in the base of the skull
Red marrow
in spongy bone forms blood cells, new blood cells
Yellow marrow
long bones is mostly fat
Osteoblasts
build bones
osteocytes
mature osteoblasts
ostseoclasts
break down bone matrix
Osteoporosis
“porous bones”
when calcium is removed from bane than is deposited, bone becomes brittle and break easily
joint
area of contact or near contact between bones
ligaments
bone to bone
ball and socket joints
shoulders
gliding joints
wrists and ankles
hinged joints
elbows and knees
tendons
muscle to bone
muscle fibers
a cylindrical contractile cell that runs the length of the muscle
myofibrils
bundles of contractile filaments run the length of the muscle fiber
muscle cells are like neurons in what way
they are excitable
if no calcium is present then
no muscle contraction
Myoglobin
have an abundance of mitochondria, produce ATP, allow aerobic respiration to continue even if blood flow is insufficient to meet oxygen need
