Chapter 2 Flashcards
Element
Pure substance that consist entirely of atoms with the same, characteristic number of protons
Proton (p+)
Positively charged particle of an atom’s nucleus
Electron (e-)
Negatively charged particle that can occupy a volume of space (orbital) around an atom’s nucleus
Neutron
Uncharged particle of an atom’s nucleus
Isotope
One of two or more forms of an element, the atoms of which differ in the number of neutrons
Radioisotope
Unstable isotope that emits particles and energy when its nucleus disintegrates
Tracer
Molecule that has a detectable substance attached (such as a radioisotope)
Ion
Atom that carries a charge after it has gained or lost one or more electrons
Molecule
Two or more atoms
Compound
Molecules of two or more different elements
ex.water
mixture
Intermingling of two or more elements or compounds in proportions that can vary
solute
molecule or ion dissolved in a solvent
acid
substance that releases H+ when dissolved in water
Base
substance that accepts H+ when dissolved in water
Salt
Substance that releases ions
Charge
Electrical property that attracts or repels other subatomic particles
Protons
positive charge
Neutrons
No charge
Electrons
Negative charge
Atomic Number
The number of protons
mass number
total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus
chemical bond
attractive force that rises between two atoms when their electrons interact .
nonpolar
atoms in the bond are sharing electrons equally
polar
do not share electrons equally
hydrogen bonds
are weak
pH
measure of the number of hydrogen ions in a solution
kinetic energy
energy in motion
Potential energy
stored energy
Ionic bonds
mutual attraction between opposite charges
Solution
two or more substances
isotope
same number of protons, diff number of neutrons
covalent bond
strongest bond, free election, wants to share
cohension
water molecules held closely together bc hydrogen bond
