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Bio 100 > Cell Structure and Function/Cell Membrane > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Function/Cell Membrane Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What all cells have in common

A

each cell has a plasma membrane, a boundary between its interior and outside environment. The interior consists of cytoplasm and an innermost region of DNA

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2
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

Bacteria, internal membrane enclosed

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3
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

Cells of protists, plants, fungi and animals are eukaryotic. Have a nucleus and other membrane-enclosed compartments.

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4
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Diverse protein filaments reinforce a cell’s shape and keep its parts organized.

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5
Q

Cell Theory (text)

A

a foundation of modern bio, states cells re the fundamental unit of all life

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6
Q

Cell Theory four generalizations

A

Every living organism consists of one or more cells
smallest unit of life
all living cells come from division of other, pre existing cells
cells contain hereditary material

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7
Q

Cell

A

the smallest unit that shows the properties of life

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8
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

divided into various functional compartments, including a nucelus

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9
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

usually smaller, simpler, none has a nucleus

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10
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

the cell’s outer membrane. Separates metabolic activities from events outside of the cell, but does not isolate the cell’s interior. Water, CD, and Ox can cross.

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11
Q

Nucleus

A

double membraned sac holds a eukaryotic cell’s dna.

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12
Q

Nucleoid

A

The DNA inside prokaryotic cells is concentrated in a region of cytoplasm

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13
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A semifluid mixture of water, sugars, ions, and proteins between plasma membrane. Suspend cell components

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14
Q

Ribosomes

A

structure where proteins are built

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15
Q

Surface to volume ratio

A

strongly influences cell size and shape. An object’s volume increase with the cube of its diameter, but its surface area increases only with the square.

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16
Q

Lipid bilayer

A

Structural foundation of all cell membranes, double layer of lipids organized so that their hydrophobic tails are sandwiched between their hydrophilic heads

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17
Q

Phospholipids

A

most abundant type of lipid in cell membrane

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18
Q

Modern Microscopes

A

curved glass lenses bend light and focus it as a magnified image of the specimen

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19
Q

Transmission Electron Microscope

A

electrons passing through thin slice of specimen illuminate a fluorescent screen.

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20
Q

Flagella

A

slender cellular structures used for motion. A bacterial flagellum moves like a propeller that drives cell

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21
Q

Pili

A

project from the surface of some bacterial species, helps cling to or move across surfaces. (one sperm)

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22
Q

Biofilms

A

Single celled organisms live in a shared mass of slime

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23
Q

Organelle

A

Structures inside the cells, for example a nucleus

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24
Q

Nucelus

A

Protecting controlling access to DNA

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25
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

Routing, modifying new polypeptide chains; synthesizing lipids; other tasks

26
Q

Golgi Body

A

Modifying new polypeptide chains; sorting, shipping proteins and lipids

27
Q

Vesicles

A

Transporting, storing, or digesting substances in a cell; other functions

28
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Making ATP by sugar breakdown

29
Q

Chloroplast

A

Making sugars in plants, some protists

Conducts photosynthesis

30
Q

Lysosome

A

Intracellular digestion

31
Q

Peroxisome

A

Inactivating toxins

32
Q

Vacuole

A

dispose of waste

33
Q

Ribosomes

A

Assembling polypeptide chains

34
Q

Centriole

A

Anchor for cytoskeleton

35
Q

Rough ER

A

modifies proteins

36
Q

Smooth ER

A

makes lipids, breaks down carbs

37
Q

golgi body

A

ships lipids, enzymes and secretes proteins

38
Q

Chloroplast

A

Specializes in photosynthesis

39
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Pore riddled double membrane that controls which substances enter and leave the nucleus

40
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Semifluid Interior portion of the nucleus

41
Q

Nucleolus

A

Rounded mass of proteins and copies of genes for ribosomal RNA used to construct ribosomal subunits

42
Q

Chromatin

A

Total collection of all DNA Molecules and associated proteins in the nucleus; all of the cell’s chromosomes

43
Q

Chromosome

A

One DNA molecule and many proteins associated with it

we have 46 chromosomes

44
Q

Endomembrane system

A

set of organelles that makes, modifies, and transport proteins and lipids. Main function is to make lipids, enzymes and proteins for secretion or insertion into cell membrane.

45
Q

Vesicles

A

small, membrane-enclosed, saclike organelles. Transport substances from one organelle to another

46
Q

Peroxisomes

A

contains enzymes that digest fatty acids and amino acids

47
Q

Plastids

A

membrane enclosed, function in photosynthesis or storage in plants like chloroplast

48
Q

Central Vacuole

A

keeps leaves firm, fluid pressure.

49
Q

Primary wall

A

secreting strands of cellulose into the coating.

50
Q

Cuticle

A

protective body covering made of cell secretions

51
Q

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

A

supports and anchors cells, separates tissues, and functions in cell signaling

52
Q

Cell junction

A

structures that connect a cell to other cells and to the environment

53
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

reinforce, organize and move cell structures

54
Q

Microtubules

A

are long, hollow cylinders that consist of subunits of the protein tubulin

55
Q

Microfilaments

A

strengthen or change shape of eukaryotic cells

56
Q

Cell cortex

A

A reinforcing mesh under the plasma membrane

57
Q

Motor proteins

A

move cell parts in a sustain direction when they are repeatedly energized by ATP

58
Q

Robert Hooke

A

First to visualize non living cells through a microscope to sketch and name cells

59
Q

Anton Van

A

Fancy glass

60
Q

Robert Brown

A

first to identify a cell nucleus

61
Q

DNA purines

A

Adenine and guanine

62
Q

DNA primidines

A

Thymine and cytosine

Bio 100 (37 decks)

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