From DNA to Proteins

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

converts information in a gene to RNA; translation converts information in an mRNA to protein

Question 2

RNA nucleoside differs from DNA

Answer 2

Uracil, not thymine.

Question 3

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 3

protein synthesis, main component of ribosomes, structures upon which polypeptide chains are built.

Question 4

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 4

protein synthesis, delivers amino acids to ribosomes, one by one.

Question 5

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 5

protein synthesis, orders the delivery of amino acids to ribosome(tRNA). transcribes the information

Question 6

Translation

Answer 6

from mRNA to protein

Question 7

Gene expression

Answer 7

A multistep process by which genetic information encoded by a gene is converted into a structural or functional part of a cell or body

Question 8

RNA Polymerase

Answer 8

links RNA nucleotides into a chain, in the order dictated by the base sequence of a gene, aka adds more nucleotides to the end of a growing transcript

Question 9

Promoter

Answer 9

binding site in the DNA, starts the transcription

Question 10

Introns

Answer 10

Nucleotide sequence that are removed from a new RNA

Question 11

Exons

Answer 11

sequence that stay in the RNA

Question 12

Alternative splicing

Answer 12

one gene can encode different proteins

Question 13

Codon

Answer 13

a “word”, made of four nucleotides, a code for a particular amino acid

Question 14

Genetic code

Answer 14

The 64 possibilities of codes total.

Question 15

first signal

Answer 15

AUG

Question 16

Stop codons

Answer 16

UAA, UAG, and UGA

Question 17

Anticodon

Answer 17

a triplet of nucleotides that base pairs with an mRNA codon. part of the tRNA attachment sites

Question 18

Translation

Answer 18

converts information carried by an mRNA into a new polypeptide chain. second part of protein synthesis.

Question 19

Base-pair substitution

Answer 19

one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by a different base pair

Question 20

Deletion

Answer 20

mutation, in which one or more bases is lost, is smaller than a chromosomal deletion.

Question 21

Transposable elements

Answer 21

segments of DNA that can insert themselves anywhere in a chromosome.

Question 22

DNA —RNA—Proteins

Answer 22

Replication—transcription—translation

Question 23

Where is RNA made

Answer 23

Nucleus

Question 24

Silent Mutation

Answer 24

Same amino acids but no affect of mutation

Question 25

Base Pair Substitution

Answer 25

One nucleotide and particular replaced by another pair

Question 26

Frameshift

Answer 26

codon shifts

Question 27

Transposable elements

Answer 27

segments of DNA that can insert themselves anywhere in chromosomal