From DNA to Proteins Flashcards
Transcription
converts information in a gene to RNA; translation converts information in an mRNA to protein
RNA nucleoside differs from DNA
Uracil, not thymine.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
protein synthesis, main component of ribosomes, structures upon which polypeptide chains are built.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
protein synthesis, delivers amino acids to ribosomes, one by one.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
protein synthesis, orders the delivery of amino acids to ribosome(tRNA). transcribes the information
Translation
from mRNA to protein
Gene expression
A multistep process by which genetic information encoded by a gene is converted into a structural or functional part of a cell or body
RNA Polymerase
links RNA nucleotides into a chain, in the order dictated by the base sequence of a gene, aka adds more nucleotides to the end of a growing transcript
Promoter
binding site in the DNA, starts the transcription
Introns
Nucleotide sequence that are removed from a new RNA
Exons
sequence that stay in the RNA
Alternative splicing
one gene can encode different proteins
Codon
a “word”, made of four nucleotides, a code for a particular amino acid
Genetic code
The 64 possibilities of codes total.
first signal
AUG
Stop codons
UAA, UAG, and UGA
Anticodon
a triplet of nucleotides that base pairs with an mRNA codon. part of the tRNA attachment sites
Translation
converts information carried by an mRNA into a new polypeptide chain. second part of protein synthesis.
Base-pair substitution
one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by a different base pair
Deletion
mutation, in which one or more bases is lost, is smaller than a chromosomal deletion.
Transposable elements
segments of DNA that can insert themselves anywhere in a chromosome.
DNA —RNA—Proteins
Replication—transcription—translation
Where is RNA made
Nucleus
Silent Mutation
Same amino acids but no affect of mutation
