Migration Flashcards
Define migration
refers to the movement of people from place to place
-it can be internal within a society or international
Define immigration
refers to movement into an area or society
Define emigration
refers to movement out
Define net migration?
the difference between the number immigrating and the number emigrating, and is expressed as a net increase or net decrease due to migration
Migration trends for most of 20th century
the growth of the UK’s population was the result of natural increase (more births than deaths), rather than the numbers of people immigrating and emigrating
What was the largest immigrant group to the UK from 1900 until second world war?
Irish
Irish were the largest immigrant group when and why?
- from 1900 until second world war
mainly for economic reasons
What immigrants were becoming the largest immigrant group in the UK ?
Irish
Eastern
Central European Jews
What were refugees fleeing from?
persecution
Which immigrants were coming to the UK during the 1950s?
Black immigrants from the Caribbean
Which immigrants were coming to the UK during the 1960s and 1970s?
South Asian immigrants from
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
and by East African Asiana from Kenya and Uganda
One consequence of immigration?
it produced a more ethnically diver society
How many ethnic groups accounted for the total population in 2001 in the UK?
7.9% of total population
One result of ethnic diverse society ?
greater diversity of family patterns in Britain today
Throughout this period were more people leaving on entering the UK ?
More people left than entered the UKI
What does it mean when a country is a net exporter of people?
more people have emigrated to live elsewhere than have come to settle in the UK
In what time period was the UK a net exporter?
mid 16th century until the 1980s
Since 1990, the great majority of emigrants have gone to …?
USA
and
Old Commonwealth countries
What are the Old Commonwealth countries?
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
South Africa
Main reasons for emigration
economic
-both in terms of ‘push’ factors such as economic recession and unemployment at home, and even more so in terms of ‘pull’ factors such as high wages or better opportunities abroad
In the earlier part of the century there were often…?
Labour shortages in the destination countries
After 1945- british economy performance
the relatively poor performance of the British economy compared with that of other industrial countries acted as an incentive to emigrate
Economic reasons for migration contrast with those of some other groups?
driven to migrate by religious, political or racial persecution
The effect of migration on the dependency ratio is….
complex
The effect of migration on the dependency ratio
ON THE ONE HAND
WORKING AGE
the fact that migrants are mainly working age, reduces the dependency ratio
The effect of migration on the dependency ratio
ON THE OTHER HAND
FERTILITY
immigrant women tend to have higher fertility rates, which in the short term contributes to a higher dependency ratio by adding more children to the population
The effect of migration on the dependency ratio
HOWEVER POINT
AVERAGE AGE
this also reduces the average age of the population and in due course produces more workers, thereby lowering the dependency ratio by adding more children to the population
The effect of migration on the dependency ratio
FINALLY POINT…
to complicate matters further, evidence suggest that the longer an immigrant group is settled in the country, the close their fertility rate comes to reh nation average
