C&D-Environmental/Ecological Approaches To C&D Flashcards
Time and Place: What is the main focus of the criminology of time and place?
It explores the relationship between where and when crimes occur, highlighting that higher crime rates are common in urban areas and places with a greater movement of people.
Time and Place: How does this perspective inform policy?
It provides insights into crime patterns, helping to shape policies aimed at reducing crime in specific times and places.
Time and Place: What is Shaw and McKay’s Concentric Zone Theory?
Shaw and McKay identified concentric zones in Chicago, with the zone of transition having the highest crime rate due to social disorganisation, which is culturally transmitted to the next generation.
Time and Place: What is a criticism of Shaw and McKay’s theory?
It has been criticised for being specific to Chicago and not applicable to other cities or contexts.
Time and Place: What is Clarke’s Opportunity Theory?
Right realist Clarke argued that target attractiveness (value of the target) and accessibility (ease of access) affect the likelihood of a crime being committed.
Time and Place: What is Hobbs et al’s Nocturnal Economy?
Hobbs et al highlight that crime often happens at night due to the significant increase in night-time bars and clubs, creating opportunities for deviance.
Evaluation: What are the strengths of the criminology of time and place?
It is a useful theory for creating policies aimed at reducing crime by addressing specific factors like location and timing.
Evaluation: What are the limitations of this approach?
It does not explain why people commit crimes in the first place, focusing only on situational factors.
Evaluation: What are the limitations of this approach?
It does not explain why people commit crimes in the first place, focusing only on situational factors.
