Beliefs In Society- Ideologies Flashcards
What is ideology?
A worldview or set of ideas/values shared by a social group expressing its interests, claiming a monopoly on truth.
How is ideology typically viewed?
As a closed system resisting challenge or criticism.
What negative connotation does “ideology” carry?
Implies a false, biased worldview designed to mislead.
How do Marxists view ideology?
As a ruling-class tool to maintain capitalism through the superstructure.
What three teachings does ruling-class ideology promote?
Inequality is natural, meritocracy is a myth, and racism divides workers.
What is false class consciousness?
Working-class acceptance of ruling-class ideology preventing revolution.
What role does consumer culture play in ideology?
Promotes false needs to boost capitalist profits.
What was Marx’s prediction about class consciousness?
Workers would develop class consciousness and overthrow capitalism.
What is Gramsci’s concept of hegemony?
Ruling class maintains power by persuading workers to consent to their ideology.
What is dual consciousness?
Workers holding both ruling-class ideas and their own anti-capitalist views.
Who are organic intellectuals?
Class-conscious workers leading the revolution.
What critique did Abercrombie offer about ideology?
Fear of unemployment prevents rebellion, not ideology.
How do Radical Feminists view patriarchal ideology?
Enforces male dominance through institutions like science and religion.
What example shows science upholding patriarchy?
19th-century claims that educating women made them “unfeminine.”
How do Marxist Feminists view patriarchal ideology?
Serves both men and capitalism by keeping women as secondary wage-earners.
What do Postmodern Feminists emphasize?
Intersection of patriarchy and racism oppressing ethnic minority women.
What critique applies to feminist views on ideology?
Ignores progress in gender equality.
What are Mannheim’s two types of belief systems?
Ideological thought (maintains status quo) and utopian thought (justifies change).
What solution did Mannheim propose for ideological conflict?
Free-floating intelligentsia creating a neutral worldview.
What critique applies to Mannheim’s solution?
Some ideologies (e.g., Marxism vs conservatism) are irreconcilable.
What are nationalism’s core claims?
Nations are distinct, self-governing communities requiring supreme loyalty.
How do Marxists view nationalism?
False consciousness dividing workers internationally.
How do Functionalists view nationalism?
Secular civil religion fostering solidarity.
What is Gellner’s view of nations?
Modern constructs enabling mass communication in industrial societies.
