C&D- Green Crime And Human Rights And State Crimes Flashcards
Green Crime:
What is the challenge in defining and detecting green crimes?
Green crimes can be difficult to detect and police, and there is often no direct link between the crime and the person or people responsible.
Green Crime:
How does White (2008) define green crime?
White (2008) suggests green crime should be defined as any action that harms the physical environment and any animals (including humans), regardless of whether there is a law in place for that particular issue.
Green Crime:
What global perspective does White (2008) take on green crime?
White argues that green crimes often have local effects, but their consequences are felt much further away, for example, air pollution.
Green Crime:
How do Marxists view green crime?
Marxists argue that environmental damage reflects another way the powerful exploit resources for their own profit and interests.
Green Crime and Globalisation:
How has globalisation contributed to green crime?
Globalisation has led to more examples of green crimes being linked to different parts of the world as companies and countries increasingly collaborate in business and governance.
Green Crime Example - Chernobyl:
What was the effect of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986?
The Chernobyl disaster spread toxic radioactive materials over thousands of miles, making soil toxic and affecting people’s health.
Types of Green Crime (South, 2004):
What is the difference between primary and secondary green crime?
Primary green crime refers to actions that are not yet illegal but are considered environmental issues, while secondary green crime involves actions that are illegal under national or international law, though enforcement may vary.
Green Crime Example - Bhopal:
What happened in the 1984 Bhopal disaster?
In 1984, an accident at the Union Carbide pesticide plant released 45 tons of poisonous methyl isocyanate, killing thousands immediately and affecting half a million people, with long-term consequences like blindness, organ failure, and birth defects.
Green Crime Example - Bhopal:
How did Union Carbide respond to the Bhopal disaster?
In 1989, Union Carbide paid out about half a billion dollars to the victims, which the afflicted claim was insufficient to address the long-term consequences of the disaster.
Theoretical Explanations - Marxism:
What is Marx’s view on humans and the environment?
Marx believed humans are connected with their physical environment and that alienation can be avoided by developing a connection with nature.
Theoretical Explanations - Marxism:
How do Marxists argue capitalism impacts the environment?
Marxists argue that capitalism disconnects individuals from their environment and exploits the natural world in the pursuit of profit.
Post Modernism (Beck, 1992):
What does Beck (1992) argue about contemporary society?
Beck argues that contemporary society is characterized by risk and competition for scarce resources, with the mass production of goods and services leading to environmental damage.
Human Rights and State Crimes:
What does the UK legal system’s relationship with global legal systems involve?
The UK legal system operates within a global legal framework, influenced by governing bodies such as the European Union and the United Nations.
Human Rights and State Crimes:
How did the concept of human rights evolve?
Until recently, human rights did not exist, and the state could commit crimes against its own people or other countries without detection or punishment.
Human Rights and State Crimes:
What are state crimes?
State crimes are illegal acts committed by the government or on behalf of the government, including genocide, murder, enslavement, false imprisonment, property theft, torture, terrorism, and human rights violations.
