Beliefs In Society- Class And Religiosity Flashcards
Why are working-class people more religious than middle-class?
Due to exploitation under capitalism where religion acts as an “opium” lessening their suffering (Marxist view). Christianity promises afterlife rewards (e.g., “easier for camel to pass through needle’s eye…”).
What criticism applies to the Marxist view?
Ignores secularization reducing religion’s role as an “opium.”
Second reason for working-class religiosity?
Relative deprivation (Stark & Bainbridge) – religion offers compensators for perceived lacks (e.g., supernatural rewards).
Limitation of relative deprivation theory?
Middle-class also experience deprivation, so not unique to working-class.
Alternative explanation (Weber)?
Marginality leads to “theodicy of disprivilege” (e.g., Pentecostalism’s prosperity theology).
Why are middle-class more likely to join NAMs/NRMs?
Financial ability to afford world-affirming NRMs (e.g., paid yoga/sound therapy).
Issue with world-affirming NRMs?
High dropout rates due to low commitment requirements.
Second reason for middle-class NAM participation?
NAM’s alignment with postmodern values (individualism, choice) appeals to educated, cosmopolitan middle-class (Giddens).
Criticism of postmodern explanation?
Overlooks secularization across all classes.
Why do working-class join sects?
Marginalization (Weber) – sects provide “theodicy of disprivilege” (e.g., suffering as test for afterlife rewards).
Why do sects often die out?
Protestant work ethic encourages members to improve status and leave.
Second reason for working-class sect membership?
Relative deprivation – sects offer compensators (e.g., afterlife promises).
Counterpoint to deprivation theory?
Middle-class also join sects (e.g., Moonies attracted youth protesting moral corruption).
