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Undeleted > Microorganisms > Flashcards

Microorganisms Flashcards

1
Q

E. Coli

A

Rod shaped, Gram -

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2
Q

Fusiform

A

tapered ends

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3
Q

Filamentous

A

thread-like

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4
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Coagulase __
Mode of infection

A

Spherical, Gram +, coagulase positive, invade and produce exotoxins

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5
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

Mode of infection

A

Spherical, Gram +, invade and produce exotoxins

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6
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia

A

Spherical, Gram +

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7
Q

Neisseria menigitidis

A

Spherical, encapsulated Gram -, diplococcus

Use glucose and maltose but NOT sucrose

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8
Q

Mycobacteria

A

Acid fast staining

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9
Q

Legionella

A

Silver gram negative

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10
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Intracellular bacterial pathogen, form granulomas, NOT inflammation

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11
Q

Gram + cell wall made of ____

A

polymer of N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid
Techoid acid
Lipotechoic acid
NO outer membrane

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12
Q

Have (has) hyaluronic acid capsule

A

Group A streptococci

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13
Q

Have (has) poly D-glutamic acid capsule

A

Bacillus anthracis

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14
Q

Have (has) O-acetylated peptidoglycan

A

Streptococcus pneumonia meningitis
Mostly streptococci
Neisseria

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15
Q

Peritrichous flagella

A

flagella surrounding bacteria

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16
Q

Polar flagella

A

flagella on ends

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17
Q

Vacomycin

A

acts on cell wall

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18
Q

Clindamycin

A

inhibit oxotoxin production, effect 30S ribosome

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19
Q

Rifampin

A

inhibit transcription factor –> great mucosal penetration ability

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20
Q

Have (has) spores

A

Bacillus (aerobic) and Clostridium (anaerobic)

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21
Q

Gram - made of _____

A

Inner membrane
Periplasm: zone b/c plasma membrane and outer membrane
Outer membrane: phospholipid layer –> lipopolysaccharide layer

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22
Q

Structure of lipopolysaccharide

A

(n) O side chain sugars - core polysaccharide - lipid A

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23
Q

Gram - shock

A

LPS –> fever, hypotension

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24
Q

Gram + shock

A

LTA-peptidoglycan –> fever, hypotension

25
Q

LTA-Peptidoglycan interact with ___ and cause ____

A

TLR-2/6 and TLR 1/2 on APC

IL-1 beta IL-6 fever and TNF-alpha hypotension

26
Q

LPS interact with ___ and cause ___

A

TLR-4

IL-1 beta IL-6 fever and TNF-alpha hypotension

27
Q

Superantigen cause _____ and lead to _____

A

Cross-link interaction b/w TCR and MHC II
greater signal response than TLRs –> Leads to:
IL-1 beta IL-6 fever
TNF-alpha hypotension
INFy + IL2 rash
TNF-beta hypotension

28
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Must have O2 to grow

Uses superoxide dismutase and catalase

29
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

May grow in O2 or not (fermentative)

Uses superoxide dismutase and catalase

30
Q

2 examples of obligate aerobes

A

Bacillus, Mycobacterium

31
Q

2 examples of facultative anaerobes

A

Staphylococcus, Escherichia

32
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes

A

may grow with or without O2
ONLY ferments
Has superoxide dismutase but NO catalase

33
Q

Example of aerotolerant anaerobe

A

Streptococcus

34
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Can only gown without O2
Ferment
Don’t have either superoxide dismutase or catalase

35
Q

Example of obligate anaerobe

A

Clostridium

36
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Prefer reduced amounts of O2 even though they are aerobes

37
Q

2 examples of microaerophiles

A

Neisseria, Borrelia

38
Q

Quinolone antibiotics (examples)

A

Target DNA gyrase –> prevent formation of phosphodiester bonds
Cipro, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin

39
Q

Metronidazole

A

Intercalates into DNA and prevents replication
Works on anaerobic bacteria
Originally used to treat Trichomonas vaginalis

40
Q

Erythromycin

A

30S ribosome protein synthesis inhibitor

41
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamycin
Broad spectrum. Kill gram negative. Toxic to humans too.
Affect 50S ribosome

42
Q

Tetracycline

A

Broad spectrum. Impairment of bone development in children. Stained teeth

43
Q

Mupirocin

A

Topical. Treat impetigo caused by streptococci and staphylococci. Inhibit isoleucine tRNA

44
Q

Viral RNA interacts with ___ and causes ____

A

TLR 3,7,8,9

Inflammation

45
Q

Example of enveloped virus

A

Influenza virus

46
Q

Example of naked virus

A

Polio virus

47
Q

Prions

A

infectious proteins that deposit in brain tissue

48
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease and Bovine spongiform encephalopathy caused by ____

A

deposition of prions

49
Q

Influenza virus belongs to what family?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

50
Q

APOBEC3G

A

RNA editing enzyme that slows down replication

Innate defense against viral infection

51
Q

Thucydides Syndrome

A

Post-influenza staphlococcal TSS

52
Q

Fungi infections activate ______

A

almost ALWAYS adaptive immunity

TH1 cells –> activate macrophages –> kill fungi

53
Q

Dimorphic

A

mold at room temp, yeast at body temp

54
Q

Candidiasis

A

Opportunistic yeast infection –> antibody and Th1

55
Q

Cryptococcus

A

Opportunistic yeast infection –> antibody and Th1

Cause millions of cases of meningitis in AIDS pts

56
Q

Parasites cause ____

A

hypersensitivity reaction

No immunity

57
Q

Nematodes

A

round worms

58
Q

Cestodes

A

Tape worms

59
Q

Trematodes

A

Flukes

Undeleted (50 decks)

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