Autonomic Function

Question 0

GVE brainstem nuclei (5)

Answer 0

Edinger-Westphal 
Superior Salivary 
Inferior Salivary
Nucleus Ambiguus
Dorsal motor nucleus of X

Question 1

Pre- and postganglionic neurons use ____ as a neurotransmitter in parasympathetic NS

Answer 1

Achetylcholine

Question 2

External formation of nucleus ambiguus (NA) contains:

Answer 2

Preganglionic parasympathetic (GVE) neurons conveyed by CN X to post-ganglionic neurons located in sup-pericardial tissue over atria

Also supply intralaryngeal ganglia

Question 3

Inferior salivary nuclei innervate ____

Answer 3

Otic ganglion –> partoid gland

Question 4

Superior salivary nucleus innervate ____

Answer 4

Pterygopalatine ganglia –> submandibular and sublingual gland

Question 5

Majority of inputs to pretectal neurons come from _____

Answer 5

UNCROSSED ipsilateral retinal ganglia

Question 6

Baroreceptor reflex centers found in ____

Involves:

Answer 6

medulla

Afferent loop CN 9 and 10, NTS, connections b/w NTS and venetrolateral medulla, and vagal and sympathetic outflow

Question 7

4 integrated centers of brainstem control of respiration

Answer 7

Medullary:
1. Dorsal respiratory group 
2. Ventral respiratory group 
Pontine:
3. Apneustic center
4. Pneumotaxic center

Question 8

Dorsal respiratory group is formed by ____
Receives input from ___
Sends axons to ____
Responsible for ____

Answer 8

Ventrolateral NTS and adjacent reticular formation
Chemosensory and lung mechanosensory input
Phrenic nucleus
Inspiration and respiration rhythms

Question 9

Ventral respiratory group is formed from ____
Very sensitive to ___
Responsible for ___

Answer 9

Cell groups in ventrolateral medulla
CO2
Forced expiration via intercostals

Question 10

Diving reflex involves: (5)

Answer 10

CN V
Spinal nucleus of V
Nucleus ambiguus
CN X
Respiratory centers in medulla

Question 11

Pontine lesions affecting pontine micturition center (Barrington’s nucleus) cause ____

Answer 11

urinary retention

Question 12

Pontine micturitation center is connected to ____ and ____

Is activated when _____ and allows ____

Answer 12

Preganglionic parasympathetics (excitatory)
Onuf’s nucleus (inhibitory)
Bladder is full
Urination

Question 13

Pontine storage center inhibits ______ and disinhibits _____ allowing for _____

Answer 13

detrusor (freeing sympathetics from inhibition)
Onuf’s nucleus
Urinary retention

Question 14

Nucleus raphe pallidus (RPa) is located ____

Responsible for _____

Answer 14

Ventral midline

Integrated heat and cold responses

Question 15

Central tegmental tract contains (3)

Answer 15

Rubro-olivospinal tract (cerebellum)
Raphespinal tract
Hypothalamospinal tract

Question 16

Damage to hypothalamospinal tract above T1 causes: (syndrome)
Symptoms:

Answer 16

Horner’s Syndrome

Hemi loss of sympathetic function on ipsilateral side

Question 17

Symptoms of Horner’s Syndrome (5)

Answer 17

Ptosis: droopy eyelids
Miosis: constricted pupil
Anhydrosis: inability to sweat
Rubrosis: flushed skin
Enophthalmos: sunken eyes