Basal Forebrain Flashcards
Basal magnocellular corticopetal system is involved in:
Consists of:
Controlling attention, cortical arousal and consolidation of memory
Cholinergic and GABA-containing neurons that innervate cortex, amygdala and hippocampus
Ventral striatopallidal system is involved in:
appetitive motor behavior that have positive incentive value
The ventral striatum includes: (4)
Nucleus accumbens
Olfactory tubercle
Ventral putamen
Ventral head of caudate
Ventral striatum contain:
GABAergic medium-sized spiny neurons
Ventral pallidum is an extension of ___
Located:
Globus pallidus external segment (GPe)
Below anterior commissure
Internal nucleus accumbens receives excitatory inputs from:
(Glutamate): prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus
(Orexin): hypothalamus
Internal nucleus accumbens output to:
GABAergic medium-spiny neurons in ventral striatum
Mesostriatal system
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) providing dopamine to ventral striatum
Mesocortical system
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) provide dopamine to limbic cortices, amygdala and hippocampus
Mesocorticolimbic system =
Runs through:
mesostriatal system + mesocortical system
Medial forebrain bundle to reach basal forebrain and cortex
Ventral striatum (NAc) send axons to: (2)
Ventral pallidum
SN pars reticulata
Ventral pallidum and SNr send projections to:
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
How is the ventral and dorsal striatum united?
Frontal cortex –> MD thalamus –> premotor cortex –> striosomes in caudate and putamen
United via thalamus
Lateral habenula
Inputs:
Outputs:
Ventral pallidum, lateral hypothalamus
SNc, VTA –> inhibit dopaminergic neurons
Lateral habenula respond to:
negative stimuli and non reward, disappointment
Increased activity in accumbens leads to ____ as seen in ____
Hyperfrontality
Depression
Excessive DA may lead to ____ seen in ____
Hypofrontality
Schizophrenia
All addictive substances act on ____
VTA
Ventral striatum
Most acetylcholine used in CNS is produced in ____
Brainstem nuclei
Basal forebrain
Brainstem nuclei contain ____ neurons. Located in ____. Involved in ____.
Mesopontine cholinergic neurons
Midbrain and rostral pontine tegmentum
Forced attention and consciousness
Basal magnocellular corticopetal system consists of:
Population of large, cholinergic and GABAergic neurons scattered throughout basal forebrain surrounding ventral globus pallidus
3 populations of cholinergic neurons:
Medial septum/vertical diagonal band
Horizontal diagonal band
Nucleus basalis of Meynert
ACh or GABA neurons?
Only innervate certain cortical layers
GABAergic
ACh or GABA neurons?
Targeted by ventral striatum, amygdala, ventral tegmental area, locus ceruleus
ACh
ACh or GABA neurons?
Only contact inhibiory cortical neurons
GABA
ACh or GABA neurons?
Main targets of axons from cortex
GABA
ACh or GABA neurons?
Essential for establishing certain types of memory (spatial, declarative)
ACh
Functions of basal magnocellular corticopetal system
- Cortical arousal
- Selective attention
- Modulating cortical plasticity
- Release of acetylcholine in cortex
Decreased cortical ACh associated with ____
Seen in ____
impairment of sustained attention and selective attention
Alzheimer’s disease
Increased release of ACh in cortex causes ____
Seen in ____
Hypervigilance
Schizophrenia
Tyrosine derivative molecules (3)
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Catecholamines (3)
Dopamine
Norepi
Epi
