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Undeleted > Basal Forebrain > Flashcards

Basal Forebrain Flashcards

0
Q

Basal magnocellular corticopetal system is involved in:

Consists of:

A

Controlling attention, cortical arousal and consolidation of memory

Cholinergic and GABA-containing neurons that innervate cortex, amygdala and hippocampus

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1
Q

Ventral striatopallidal system is involved in:

A

appetitive motor behavior that have positive incentive value

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2
Q

The ventral striatum includes: (4)

A

Nucleus accumbens
Olfactory tubercle
Ventral putamen
Ventral head of caudate

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3
Q

Ventral striatum contain:

A

GABAergic medium-sized spiny neurons

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4
Q

Ventral pallidum is an extension of ___

Located:

A

Globus pallidus external segment (GPe)

Below anterior commissure

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5
Q

Internal nucleus accumbens receives excitatory inputs from:

A

(Glutamate): prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus

(Orexin): hypothalamus

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6
Q

Internal nucleus accumbens output to:

A

GABAergic medium-spiny neurons in ventral striatum

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7
Q

Mesostriatal system

A

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) providing dopamine to ventral striatum

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8
Q

Mesocortical system

A

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) provide dopamine to limbic cortices, amygdala and hippocampus

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9
Q

Mesocorticolimbic system =

Runs through:

A

mesostriatal system + mesocortical system

Medial forebrain bundle to reach basal forebrain and cortex

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10
Q

Ventral striatum (NAc) send axons to: (2)

A

Ventral pallidum

SN pars reticulata

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11
Q

Ventral pallidum and SNr send projections to:

A

mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

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12
Q

How is the ventral and dorsal striatum united?

A

Frontal cortex –> MD thalamus –> premotor cortex –> striosomes in caudate and putamen

United via thalamus

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13
Q

Lateral habenula
Inputs:
Outputs:

A

Ventral pallidum, lateral hypothalamus

SNc, VTA –> inhibit dopaminergic neurons

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14
Q

Lateral habenula respond to:

A

negative stimuli and non reward, disappointment

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15
Q

Increased activity in accumbens leads to ____ as seen in ____

A

Hyperfrontality

Depression

16
Q

Excessive DA may lead to ____ seen in ____

A

Hypofrontality

Schizophrenia

17
Q

All addictive substances act on ____

A

VTA

Ventral striatum

18
Q

Most acetylcholine used in CNS is produced in ____

A

Brainstem nuclei

Basal forebrain

19
Q

Brainstem nuclei contain ____ neurons. Located in ____. Involved in ____.

A

Mesopontine cholinergic neurons
Midbrain and rostral pontine tegmentum
Forced attention and consciousness

20
Q

Basal magnocellular corticopetal system consists of:

A

Population of large, cholinergic and GABAergic neurons scattered throughout basal forebrain surrounding ventral globus pallidus

21
Q

3 populations of cholinergic neurons:

A

Medial septum/vertical diagonal band
Horizontal diagonal band
Nucleus basalis of Meynert

22
Q

ACh or GABA neurons?

Only innervate certain cortical layers

A

GABAergic

23
Q

ACh or GABA neurons?

Targeted by ventral striatum, amygdala, ventral tegmental area, locus ceruleus

A

ACh

24
Q

ACh or GABA neurons?

Only contact inhibiory cortical neurons

A

GABA

25
Q

ACh or GABA neurons?

Main targets of axons from cortex

A

GABA

26
Q

ACh or GABA neurons?

Essential for establishing certain types of memory (spatial, declarative)

A

ACh

27
Q

Functions of basal magnocellular corticopetal system

A
  1. Cortical arousal
  2. Selective attention
  3. Modulating cortical plasticity
  4. Release of acetylcholine in cortex
28
Q

Decreased cortical ACh associated with ____

Seen in ____

A

impairment of sustained attention and selective attention

Alzheimer’s disease

29
Q

Increased release of ACh in cortex causes ____

Seen in ____

A

Hypervigilance

Schizophrenia

30
Q

Tyrosine derivative molecules (3)

A

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine

31
Q

Catecholamines (3)

A

Dopamine
Norepi
Epi

Undeleted (50 decks)

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