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Undeleted > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Cell that’s very important in protecting against early innate viral infections

A

Natural Killer Cells

Kills DNA viruses: Herpes, Paploma viruses

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2
Q

Adaptive APC

A

B cells

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3
Q

Innate APC

A

Macrophages

Dendritic cells ** most important

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4
Q

MBL

A

mannose binding lectin

Soluable PAMP that binds carbs on pathogen surface

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5
Q

Examples of soluble PAMPS

A

CRP: C reactive protein
SP-A & D: surfactant protein
Natural IgM
C1q

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6
Q

F-MLP-R

A

formyl met-leu-phe receptor

Membrane bound PAMP that recognizes sequence of protein synthesis made by bacteria

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7
Q

NLR

A

NOD like receptors
Cytosolic PAMP that recognizes bacterial products, especially in GI tract
NOD1: recognize gram - bacteria
NOD2: recognize gram + and - bacteria

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8
Q

RIG like receptors

A

Cytosolic PAMP that sense viral RNA

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9
Q

TLRs that recognize bacterial lipopeptides

A

Extracellular membrane TLR
TLR1:TLR2
TLR2: TLR6

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10
Q

TLR that recognizes LPS

A

Extracellular membrane TLR

TLR4

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11
Q

TLR that recognizes bacterial flagellin on rod shaped bacteria

A

TLR5

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12
Q

TLR that recognizes dsRNA

A

Inward facing on endosomal membrane TLRs

TLR3

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13
Q

TLRa that recognize ssRNA

A

Inward facing on endosomal membrane TLRs
TLR 7
TLR 8

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14
Q

TLR that recognizes CpG DNA

A

Inward facing on endosomal membrane TLRs

TLR 9

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15
Q

TLR signaling pathway for all TLRs except TLR 3

A

MyD88 –> NK-kB –> acute inflammation, stimulate adaptive immunity
MyD88 –> IRFs –> antiviral state

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16
Q

TLR signaling pathway for TLR3

A

TRIF –> IRFs and AP-1 –> antiviral state

TRIF –> NK-kB –> acute inflammation, stimulate adaptive immunity

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17
Q

MyD88

A

myeloid differentiation protein 88

Adaptor protein in TLR signaling pathway

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18
Q

TRIF

A

TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon beta

Adaptor protein in TLR signaling pathway

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19
Q

NF-kB

A

Transcription factor
Nuclear factor kappa beta
acute inflammation, stimulate adaptive immunity

20
Q

IRF

A

interferon response factor
Transcription factor
Expression of type 1 interferon –> antiviral state

21
Q

Interferon Type 1 (IFN alpha, IFN beta)

A

Alpha, beta –> anti viral defense
Important for non-immune cells
Viruses initiate disease by infection of epithelial cells

22
Q

Interferon Type 2 (IFN gamma)

A 
Gamma --> activate macrophages, DC, NK cells --> kill intra-cellular pathogens 
Inhibit viral replication
Increases MHC class 1 expression
23
Q

Interleukins (IL1 …IL -n)

A

Innate inflammation

Adaptive T helper cell mediation

24
Q

Chemokines (CXCL, CR …etc)

A

Recruit immune cells to site of inflammation

Influence homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid tissues

25
Q

List the pro-inflammatory cytokines

A

TNF-alpha
IL-1
IL-6
IL-8 (CXCL 8)

26
Q

List the cytokines that mediate T helper cell response

A

IL-2
IL-4
IL-5
IFN gamma

27
Q

Major cytokines responsible for local inflammation and systemic protective effects

A

IL-1
IL-6
TNF
Increased permeability, fever, change in protein production pattern, increased leukocyte production

28
Q

Loose adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium to site of infection

A

E selectin on endothelial cells

S lex on immune cell

29
Q

Tight adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium to site of infection

A

Integrins on immune cell binds to ICAMs (Intracellular adhesion molecules) on endothelial cell
–> CXCL8 expressed on endothelial cells binds receptors on immune cell

30
Q

C3 convertases

A

C4b2a: Lectin and classical pathway
C3bBb: Alternative pathway

31
Q

Factor I

A

Inactivate C3 and C4 –> down regulate C3 convertase

32
Q

Factor H

A

Plasma mediator
Accelerates convertase decay
Cofactor for factor I

33
Q

C4BP

A

Plasma mediator
Accelerates convertase decay
Cofactor for factor I

34
Q

MCP

A

membrane mediator
cofactor to factor I
Does NOT accelerate convertase decay

35
Q

DAF

A

Membrane mediator: decay accelerating factor
Accelerates convertase decay
NO co-factor activity -> convertase could reform

36
Q

CR1

A

Membrane mediator
Cofactor to factor I
Accelerates convertase decay

37
Q

C5 convertases

A

C3bBbC3b

C4bC2aC3b

38
Q

CD59

A

Inhibitor molecule on host cell to keep MAC from forming pores on HOST cell

39
Q

CR1
Ligand: ______
Major cell types that express CR1: ______
Biologic activity: ______

A

Ligand: C3b, C4b
Cell types: Phagocytes/APC, RBC
Activity: Opsonophagocytosis, immune complex disposal

40
Q

CR2
Ligand: ______
Major cell types that express CR2: ______
Biologic activity: ______

A

Ligand: C3dg
Cell types: B cells
Activity: antibody response

41
Q

CR3
Ligand: ______
Major cell types that express CR3: ______
Biologic activity: ______

A

Ligand: iC3b
Cell types: Phagocytes/APC
Activity: Opsonophagocytosis

42
Q

C5aR
Ligand: ______
Major cell types that express C5aR: ______
Biologic activity: ______

A

Ligand: C5a
Cell types: Phagocytes
Activity: Chemotaxis, anaphylatoxic activity (histamine release, vascular dilation, phagocyte activation)

43
Q

____ (phagocyte) require activation by ______

A

Macrophage

IFNgamma, TNFalpha

44
Q

2 encapsulated bacteria that need anti-capsular antibody and complement to get phagocytosized

A

S. pneumonia

N. menigitidis

45
Q 
\_\_\_\_ immunity activates acute inflammation. 
Caused by \_\_\_\_\_.
Makes \_\_\_.
Cytokines that are involved: \_\_\_\_\_
Ex of bacteria: \_\_\_\_\_\_
A 
Innate
Extracellular bacteria 
Pus
TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL 8)
Staphylococcus aureus
46
Q 
\_\_\_\_ immunity activates chronic inflammation. 
Caused by \_\_\_\_\_.
Makes \_\_\_\_.
Cytokines that are involved: \_\_\_\_\_
Ex of bacteria: \_\_\_\_\_\_
A 
Adaptive 
Intracellular organisms 
Granuloma 
IFN gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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