Innate Immunity Flashcards
Cell that’s very important in protecting against early innate viral infections
Natural Killer Cells
Kills DNA viruses: Herpes, Paploma viruses
Adaptive APC
B cells
Innate APC
Macrophages
Dendritic cells ** most important
MBL
mannose binding lectin
Soluable PAMP that binds carbs on pathogen surface
Examples of soluble PAMPS
CRP: C reactive protein
SP-A & D: surfactant protein
Natural IgM
C1q
F-MLP-R
formyl met-leu-phe receptor
Membrane bound PAMP that recognizes sequence of protein synthesis made by bacteria
NLR
NOD like receptors
Cytosolic PAMP that recognizes bacterial products, especially in GI tract
NOD1: recognize gram - bacteria
NOD2: recognize gram + and - bacteria
RIG like receptors
Cytosolic PAMP that sense viral RNA
TLRs that recognize bacterial lipopeptides
Extracellular membrane TLR
TLR1:TLR2
TLR2: TLR6
TLR that recognizes LPS
Extracellular membrane TLR
TLR4
TLR that recognizes bacterial flagellin on rod shaped bacteria
TLR5
TLR that recognizes dsRNA
Inward facing on endosomal membrane TLRs
TLR3
TLRa that recognize ssRNA
Inward facing on endosomal membrane TLRs
TLR 7
TLR 8
TLR that recognizes CpG DNA
Inward facing on endosomal membrane TLRs
TLR 9
TLR signaling pathway for all TLRs except TLR 3
MyD88 –> NK-kB –> acute inflammation, stimulate adaptive immunity
MyD88 –> IRFs –> antiviral state
TLR signaling pathway for TLR3
TRIF –> IRFs and AP-1 –> antiviral state
TRIF –> NK-kB –> acute inflammation, stimulate adaptive immunity
MyD88
myeloid differentiation protein 88
Adaptor protein in TLR signaling pathway
TRIF
TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon beta
Adaptor protein in TLR signaling pathway
NF-kB
Transcription factor
Nuclear factor kappa beta
acute inflammation, stimulate adaptive immunity
IRF
interferon response factor
Transcription factor
Expression of type 1 interferon –> antiviral state
Interferon Type 1 (IFN alpha, IFN beta)
Alpha, beta –> anti viral defense
Important for non-immune cells
Viruses initiate disease by infection of epithelial cells
Interferon Type 2 (IFN gamma)
Gamma --> activate macrophages, DC, NK cells --> kill intra-cellular pathogens Inhibit viral replication Increases MHC class 1 expression
Interleukins (IL1 …IL -n)
Innate inflammation
Adaptive T helper cell mediation
Chemokines (CXCL, CR …etc)
Recruit immune cells to site of inflammation
Influence homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid tissues
List the pro-inflammatory cytokines
TNF-alpha
IL-1
IL-6
IL-8 (CXCL 8)
List the cytokines that mediate T helper cell response
IL-2
IL-4
IL-5
IFN gamma
Major cytokines responsible for local inflammation and systemic protective effects
IL-1
IL-6
TNF
Increased permeability, fever, change in protein production pattern, increased leukocyte production
Loose adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium to site of infection
E selectin on endothelial cells
S lex on immune cell
Tight adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium to site of infection
Integrins on immune cell binds to ICAMs (Intracellular adhesion molecules) on endothelial cell
–> CXCL8 expressed on endothelial cells binds receptors on immune cell
C3 convertases
C4b2a: Lectin and classical pathway
C3bBb: Alternative pathway
Factor I
Inactivate C3 and C4 –> down regulate C3 convertase
Factor H
Plasma mediator
Accelerates convertase decay
Cofactor for factor I
C4BP
Plasma mediator
Accelerates convertase decay
Cofactor for factor I
MCP
membrane mediator
cofactor to factor I
Does NOT accelerate convertase decay
DAF
Membrane mediator: decay accelerating factor
Accelerates convertase decay
NO co-factor activity -> convertase could reform
CR1
Membrane mediator
Cofactor to factor I
Accelerates convertase decay
C5 convertases
C3bBbC3b
C4bC2aC3b
CD59
Inhibitor molecule on host cell to keep MAC from forming pores on HOST cell
CR1
Ligand: ______
Major cell types that express CR1: ______
Biologic activity: ______
Ligand: C3b, C4b
Cell types: Phagocytes/APC, RBC
Activity: Opsonophagocytosis, immune complex disposal
CR2
Ligand: ______
Major cell types that express CR2: ______
Biologic activity: ______
Ligand: C3dg
Cell types: B cells
Activity: antibody response
CR3
Ligand: ______
Major cell types that express CR3: ______
Biologic activity: ______
Ligand: iC3b
Cell types: Phagocytes/APC
Activity: Opsonophagocytosis
C5aR
Ligand: ______
Major cell types that express C5aR: ______
Biologic activity: ______
Ligand: C5a
Cell types: Phagocytes
Activity: Chemotaxis, anaphylatoxic activity (histamine release, vascular dilation, phagocyte activation)
____ (phagocyte) require activation by ______
Macrophage
IFNgamma, TNFalpha
2 encapsulated bacteria that need anti-capsular antibody and complement to get phagocytosized
S. pneumonia
N. menigitidis
\_\_\_\_ immunity activates acute inflammation. Caused by \_\_\_\_\_. Makes \_\_\_. Cytokines that are involved: \_\_\_\_\_ Ex of bacteria: \_\_\_\_\_\_
Innate Extracellular bacteria Pus TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL 8) Staphylococcus aureus
\_\_\_\_ immunity activates chronic inflammation. Caused by \_\_\_\_\_. Makes \_\_\_\_. Cytokines that are involved: \_\_\_\_\_ Ex of bacteria: \_\_\_\_\_\_
Adaptive Intracellular organisms Granuloma IFN gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
