Microbiology 6: Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common causative organism for UTI’s ?

A

E.coli

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2
Q

Name a virulence factor of some E.Coli serotypes that make them well adapted to cause UTIs ?

A

P-fimbriae

These allow the bacteria to adhere to the epithelium

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3
Q

Which commensal skin bacteria is a rare cause of UTI but is more common in patients with Prosthesis e.g they have a long term in dwelling catheter ?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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4
Q

Which 4 organisms are more common causes of UTIs in people with structural abnormalities ?

A

Proteus mirabilis
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella aerogenes
Enterococcus faecalis

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5
Q

List 4 neurological causes of obstruction in the urinary tract ?

A

Poliomyelitis
Tabes dorsalis
Diabetic neuropathy
Spinal cord injury

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6
Q

Which organisms can cause a UTI which is negative for nitrites but positive for leucocytes on urine dipstick ?

A

(Non coliform bacteria)
Staphylococcus saphrophyticus
Enterococcus faecalis

Could also be urethral syndrome

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7
Q

List 3 ways you could collect a urine sample ?

A

Mid stream urine (MSU)
Catheterisation
Supra Pubic aspiration

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8
Q

What is the most common causes of Sterile pyuria? (raised WCC but no growth on culture)

A

Prior treatment with antibiotics

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9
Q

What colour is E.coli on chromogenic agar ?

A

Pink

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10
Q

What is thew most common treatment for an uncomplicated UTI ?

A

Empirical treatment - Trimethoprim (3 days)

Although the resistance of E.coli is rapidly increasing so check with local governance.

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11
Q

Which infections occur in patients that have indwelling catheters ?

A

Candida

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12
Q

What is the most common treatment for Pyelonephritis ?

A

Co-amoxiclav +- gentamicin

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13
Q

Which organism that is not E.Coli tends to cause UTIs particularly in young women?

A

Staphylococcus Saphrophyticus

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14
Q

Name a congenital abnormality that causes oligohydramnios and can cause Potter’s syndrome in male neonates?

A

Posterior urethral valve (PUV)

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15
Q

Give an example of a paediatric cause of Kidney scarring ?

A

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR)

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