Immuno 3: Malabsorption Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 causes of microcytic anaemia ?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia
Thalassaemia trait
Anaemia of chronic disease

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2
Q

If you see Basophilic stippling which disease is more likely ?

Iron deficiency anaemia
Thalassaemia trait

A

Beta Thalassaemia trait

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3
Q

The presence of anisopoikilocytosis with elliptocytes makes which disease more likely ?

Iron deficiency anaemia
Thalassaemia trait

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

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4
Q

Give 4 causes of Basophilic stippling ?

A

Beta thalassaemia trait
Lead poisoning
Alcoholism
Sideroblastic anaemia

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5
Q

Which anaemia has hyper segmented neutrophils (more than 4) ?

A

Megaloblastic anaemia

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6
Q

Give 3 causes of Megaloblastic anaemia

A

Vitamin b12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Drug that impair DNA synthesis

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7
Q

List 4 causes of Target cells ?

A

Hyposplenism
Iron deficiency anaemia
Thalassaemia
Liver disease

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8
Q

What causes Howell jolly bodies ?

A

Hyposplenism

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9
Q

What are Howel Jolly bodies ?

A

Nuclear remnants of erythrocytes

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10
Q

Give 4 causes of a poorly functioning spleen ?

A

IBD
Sickle cell disease
Coeliac disease
SLE

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11
Q

What are 2 causes of an absent spleen ?

A

Surgical management of Sickle cell disease

Trauma

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12
Q
Blood tests show:
Calcium 2.00 (2.15-2.65 mol/l)
Alk phos 400 (30-130 U/l)
Vitamin D 18 (70-150nmol/l)
PTH 14 (1.1-6.8pmol/l)

What is the diagnosis ?

A

Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism

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13
Q

Which part of the G.I tract is most commonly affected in Crohn’s disease ?

A

Terminal Ilium

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14
Q

Where are bile salts and Vitamin B12 reabsorbed ?

A

Terminal Ilium

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15
Q

What test can diagnose moderate-severe pancreatic insufficiency ?

A

Faecal elastase

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16
Q

List 3 antibodies seen in Coeliac disease ?

A

Anti-Gliadin
Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase
Anti-endomysial

17
Q

Which Coeliac antibodies are not useful in patients with IgA ?

A

Anti-TTG

Anti-Endomysial

18
Q

What’s the gold standard diagnostic test for coeliac disease ?

A

Endoscopy with Duodenal Histology

19
Q

What are the 2 characteristic histological features of Coeliac disease ?

A

Villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia

Intra-epithelial lymphocytes (gamma-delta T cells)

20
Q

Name 1 disease that can cause the same histological findings as in Coeliac disease ?

A

Giardiasis

21
Q

List 5 complications of Coeliac disease ?

A
Malabsorption
Osteoporosis/ osteomalacia 
Epilepsy
Cerebral calcification
Lymphoma
22
Q

Which cancer are Coeliacs at risk of ?

A

Multi-focal T cell lymphoma

23
Q

Is there a genetic component to Coeliac disease ?

A

Yes

HLA-DQ2

24
Q

How can you check adherence with Gluten free diet ?

A

Level of Anti-TTG antibody

25
Q

Which rash is seen in Coeliac disease ?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis - on the extensor surfaces

26
Q

List 4 diseases commonly associated with Coeliac disease ?

A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Auto-immune thyroid disease
Down’s syndrome
Dermatitis Herpetiformis

27
Q

What is the most specific antibody test for Coeliac disease ?

A

Anti-TTG antibody