Haematology 13: Blood Transfusions 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in Haemolytic disease of the newborn ?

A
  • RhD -ve mother has a RhD positive child and comes into contact with the blood during pregnancy/ or has a RhD +ve blood transfusion.
  • The mother now makes anti-D
  • The next baby is RhD +ve and this time the anti-D antibodies (IgG) cross the placenta
  • This causes a delayed haemolytic reaction
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2
Q

How does indirect antiglobulin technique work to screen blood ?

A
  • Blood recipient’s plasma is put into test tube (contains recipient antibodies)
  • Blood donor’s red cells are added to the test tube (has antigens)
  • If the recipient has antibodies against the donor’s red cells they will form antigen-antibody complexes
  • Coombs antibody is added (anti-human antibody)
  • This causes cross linking if immune complexes are present
  • if agglutination takes place the blood is not matched
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3
Q

What is the universal donor group for RBC ?

A

O- (no antigens on cells)

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4
Q

What is the universal donor group for plasma ?

A

AB (no antibodies in plasma)

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5
Q

Which method of blood transfusion is more acceptable for jehova’s witnesses ?

A

Cell salvage (collection, filtration and return of blood lost during surgery)

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6
Q

Why do patients with immunosuppression require irradiation of blood products ?

A

The donor lymphocytes can start reacting to self antigens and mount an immune response

This is known as transfusion associated graft versus host disease (TA-GvHD)

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7
Q

Which immune deficiency causes severe allergic reactions to donor blood plasma ?

A

IgA deficiency

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8
Q

Name 2 haematological diseases in which platelet transfusion is strongly contraindicated ?

A

HIT - heparin induced thrombocytopenia

TTP- thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

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9
Q

What is prothrombin complex concentrate (PPC) ?

A

A blood product containing vitamin K dependent clotting factors 10, 9, 7 and 2

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