MHC T cells

Question 1

What makes up an MHC haplotype

Answer 1

Combination of MHC 1, 2, 3 on one chromosome

Question 2

What does MHC 1 present on

Answer 2

all nucleated cells

proteins inside of cell sampled

Question 3

What does MHC 2 present on

Answer 3

antigen presenting cells
Proteins sampled outside of cell
activates adaptive immune system

Question 4

What is heterozygous advantage

Answer 4

Each person is able to express alleles from both parents

Can express all of the genes simultaneously

Question 5

How are MHC genes expressed with heterozygous advantage

Answer 5

co-dominantly expressed

Question 6

What is polygeny

Answer 6

expression of several different but related genes with similar functions

Question 7

What does MHC present

Answer 7

Many different peptides

Question 8

What does the TCR recognize

Answer 8

the peptide and part of the MHC

Question 9

Which is larger MHC 1 or 2

Answer 9

MHC 2

Question 10

What is MHC 3

Answer 10

Not a receptor or presenting molecule

Question 11

What must the T-cell recognize for the signal to work

Answer 11

Both the MHC receptor and the antigen

Question 12

What is a super-antigen

Answer 12

Antigen not presented by MHC
Crosslinks nonspecific TCR and MHC
Can activate up to 20% of bodies T cells

Question 13

Characteristics of super-antigen response

Answer 13

Large and ineffective

Question 14

What are the two basic structures of TCR

Answer 14

gamma/delta

Alpha/beta

Question 15

What are the characteristics of Gamma/delta TCR

Answer 15

Recognizes native antigens
No MHC
bridges gap of innate and adaptive immunity

Question 16

What are some characteristics of alpha/beta TCR

Answer 16

Recognizes foreign peptide in context of MHC
Signaling to cell nucleus by CD3
Requires CD8 or CD4

Question 17

What are some characteristics of CD4 and CD8

Answer 17

TCR co-receptor

amplifies the signal of the TCR MHC-peptide interaction

Question 18

What does CD4 bind to

Answer 18

MHC 2

Question 19

What does CD8 bind to

Answer 19

MHC1

Question 20

What do CD4 and CD8 do to the sensitivity of T cells to peptide antigen

Answer 20

increase sensitivity

Question 21

What do cellular adhesion molecules(CAM) do

Answer 21

Keep APC and T cells close

Question 22

What is immunologic snapse

Answer 22

Area of adhesion
Localized area of interaction
Many TCR complexes

Question 23

What is happens during the second signal

Answer 23

Activation of naive t cells requires 2 independent signals delivered by the same APC
Protects against activation by self MHC

Question 24

What initiates the second signal on APC

Answer 24

B7 activates second signal through CD28

Question 25

When is B7 expressed

Answer 25

When APC is activated

Question 26

What happens if T cell gets first signal but not the second

Answer 26

Cell turns off

Doesn’t want to react with self

Question 27

What happens if the naive T cell recognizes the antigen, MHC, signal 1 and signal 2

Answer 27

Cell replication

Cytokine synthesis

Question 28

What is tolerance

Answer 28

when T-cell is turned off

Question 29

What happens when CD8 T cell becomes primed

Answer 29

after CD8 receives both signals from APC, only the first signal is needed for recognition and killing

Question 30

What’s CTLA4

Answer 30

CD28 receptor expressed on CD4 T cells
Has higher affinity than CD28
Signals T cell to turn off

Question 31

What stimulates CTLA production

Answer 31

Activation of T cells

Question 32

What does Alpha/beta T cells become

Answer 32

CD4 or CD8

Question 33

What do CD4 cells become

Answer 33

Helper 1 and Helper 2

Question 34

What do CD8 T-cells become

Answer 34

Cytotoxic or regulatory

Question 35

What does Th1 produce

Answer 35

IL-2

IFN-Gamma

Question 36

What does TH2 produce

Answer 36

IL-4
IL-5
IL-10

Question 37

What’s a haplotype

Answer 37

Set of linked MHC alleles found on the same chromosome

Genetic potential of an individual

Question 38

How are T-cells MHC restricted

Answer 38

Because they must see antigen in the context of MHC