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Immunology > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

Allergy

A

Hypersensitivity reaction to an antigen

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2
Q

Allergen

A

allergen that leads to allergic reaction

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3
Q

Sensitization

A

exposure to antigen or allergen

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4
Q

Type 1 sensitivity

A

Immediate

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5
Q

Type 2 sensitivity

A

anitbody-mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity

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6
Q

Type 3 sensitivity

A

immune complex

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7
Q

Type 4 sensitivity

A

delayed-type hypersensitivity

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8
Q

how soon until type 1 hypersensitivity

A

within minutes of exposure

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9
Q

Characteristics of type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Anaphylaxis
Common allergy
Skin, respiratory tract, gut

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10
Q

What Ig is responsible for type 1 reactions

A

IgE

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11
Q

What IL are responsible for type 1 reaction

A

IL-4,

IL-5

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12
Q

What happens during acute type 1 reaction

A

IgE binding in high affinity reactions

Mast cells, basophiles, and neutrophils

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13
Q

What happens during chronic type 1 reaction

A

IgE binding on Dendritic cells and monocytes

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14
Q

What are some type 1 effector cells

A

Mast Cell
Basophil
Eosinophil: piece meal destruction substances

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15
Q

What do mast cells do as Type 1 effector cells and what are the 2 phases

A

Acute phase: severe local reaction

Late phase: edema, redness, pruritus

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16
Q

What are three main types of allergies in domestic animals

A

Atopic dermatitis
food allergy
Allergic inhalant dermatitis

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17
Q

How are skin allegories diagnosed

A

Wheal flare reaction in 10-20 minutes followed by late phage 6-12 hours
Antigens injected into dermis

18
Q

Characteristics of desensitization therapy to allergies

A

High or low dose
Promote production of IgG rather than IgE
Want to switch immune response from Th2 to Th1

19
Q

What are some characteristics of vasogenic shock

A

rapid smooth muscle contraction in bronchi, gas. tract, uterus, and bladder
Severe vascular pooling due to peripheral vasodilation

20
Q

Where does ruminant have anaphylaxis

A

Lung

21
Q

Where does horse have anaphylaxis

A

Respiratory tract, intestine

22
Q

Where does swine have anaphylaxis

A

Respiratory tract, intestine

23
Q

Where do dogs have anaphylaxis

A

Hepatic vein constriction

24
Q

Where do cats have anaphylaxis

A

respiratory tract, intestines

25
Q

What are characteristics of type 2 sensitivity

A

rapid destruction of foreign red cells bound by antibody

reaction to ones own cells

26
Q

What does type 2 reaction release

A

complement fragments
degranulation of mast cells
cytokines

27
Q

What is the main similarity between type 1,2,&3 sensitivities

A

Antibody mediated

28
Q

What are examples of type 2 reactions

A

Transfusion reactions
-neonatal isoerythrolysis
Cross-match between donor and recipient
-essential in pig, horse, dogs, and cats for first transfusion

29
Q

Where do type 3 reactions occur

A

Kidney
Eye
Joint

30
Q

What are characteristics of type 3 sensitivity

A

IgG
Immune complexes occur
activation of complement

31
Q

What are the three significant pathways of type 3 reactions

A
  1. Cytokines IL-1 and TNF-a cause local tissue damage
  2. Immune complexes form, phagocytes activated, neutrophils degranulate
  3. Immune complexes activate complement
32
Q

Arthus reaction is

A

Local tissue reaction

33
Q

Generalized immune complexes

A

circulating complexes
serum sickness
Organ damage

34
Q

What is serum sickness

A

Generalized vasculitis

neutropenia

35
Q

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis….

A 
IC deposits in the glomerulus
Proteins leaks into the urine
loss of oncotic pressure
Small molecules such as anti-thrombin 3 lost
heartworm
36
Q

What’s type 4 sensitivity

A

cell mediated immune response
T helper 1 cytokines gone wrong
Recruit more T cells and macrophages= more chemokines= more cells

37
Q

What is the most important cytokine in type 4 hypersensitivity

A

IFN-gamma

38
Q

Type 4 pathophysiology

A

Type 1 cytokines fail to kill microorganisms
tubercles form: multinucleated giant cells
mycobacterium bacilli
most common is chemicals and large particles

39
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis

A

Type 4 sensitivity in dermis

poison ivy

40
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

Inappropriately vigorous immune response to foreign antigen

Immunology (28 decks)

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