Innate and adaptive immunity Flashcards
What is the immune response
individual responses of an immune system to foreign substances
What is an antigen
Any substance recognized by immune system
What are properties of innate immunity
Rapid nonspecific defense, present prior to exposure, before adaptive immunity, not part of primary acquired immune response
Properties of adaptive immunity
Delayed defense, specific for antigen, includes primary and secondary responses
What runs adaptive immune response
lymphocytes
what runs innate immune response
phagocytes
How long does innate immunity take to react
immediate response
What are some anatomic exterior defenses
Skin, mucous membranes, saliva
What are some physiologic exterior defenses
temperature, low pH, chemical mediators
How do phagocytic cells work (4 steps)
Chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion
What are 2 kinds of phagocytic cells
Macrophages and neutrophils
What are PAMPs
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, uniquely associated with bacteria, fungi, and viruses
What recognizes PAMPs
PRR: pattern recognition reception
what is an example of PAMP PRR interaction
Macrophage PRR recognizing PAMP from bacteria lipid polysaccharide
What is a response caused by a macrophage after receiving a PAMP from a bacteria
inflammation
what do interferons do
nonspecifically block viral replication
What are some properties of natural killer (NK) cells
Lyphocytes, no antigen specificity, Lack MHC 1, kill via perforin and granzyme, surveys for tumor cells
What happens to the tumor cell if a NK cell runs into it and it doesn’t have MHC1
DEATH
What are examples of soluble factors
Acute-phase proteins, complement, interferons
What is opsonization
Coats microbes and allows recognition
What does inflammation do (3 processes)
Increased blood supply, migration of leukocytes from capillaries from capillaries, emigration and accumulation of leukocytes
Characteristics of adaptive immunity
Develops upon foreign antigenic stimulation, takes time, specific to foreign antigen, has memory, distinguishes between self and non-self
What do antigen presenting cells present in the context to
MHC 2
What types of cells (3 types) do antigen presenting cells present to
Macrophage, dendritic cell, B cell
What is recognized by antibody (B-cell receptor) or T-cell receptor
Epitope
What is affinity
how strong a receptor binds to an epitope
What are lymphocytes
effector cells of adaptive immunity (B and T cells)
What is a b-cell receptor
Membrane bound antibody
What do B-cells become when activated
Plasma or memory cell
What must a T-cell have
Antigen presenting cell
What do T-cells become when activated
Helper cell (CD4), effector cell (CD8), or suppressor
What is clonal selection
each lymphocyte expresses a single antigen receptor specifically. each naive lymp. has a unique receptor and makes clones to bind to antigen. Clonal selection raises clonal frequency
What happens during lag time in primary immune response
Clonal selection
Properties of secondary immune response
More specific clones, more rapid response, stronger response, increased affinity (somatic hypermutation)
What is in the lag phase of secondary immune response
Naive cells, and memory cells make for shorter lag phase than primary response
Where do dendritic cells migrate to
Draining lymph nodes or secondary lymph organs to present antigen to naive lymphocytes
What is the first cells to react in active immunity
dendritic cells
What do plasma cells produce
antibodies
What is immunity
host reaction to an antigen
