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Immunology > Innate and adaptive immunity > Flashcards

Innate and adaptive immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the immune response

A

individual responses of an immune system to foreign substances

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2
Q

What is an antigen

A

Any substance recognized by immune system

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3
Q

What are properties of innate immunity

A

Rapid nonspecific defense, present prior to exposure, before adaptive immunity, not part of primary acquired immune response

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4
Q

Properties of adaptive immunity

A

Delayed defense, specific for antigen, includes primary and secondary responses

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5
Q

What runs adaptive immune response

A

lymphocytes

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6
Q

what runs innate immune response

A

phagocytes

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7
Q

How long does innate immunity take to react

A

immediate response

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8
Q

What are some anatomic exterior defenses

A

Skin, mucous membranes, saliva

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9
Q

What are some physiologic exterior defenses

A

temperature, low pH, chemical mediators

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10
Q

How do phagocytic cells work (4 steps)

A

Chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion

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11
Q

What are 2 kinds of phagocytic cells

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

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12
Q

What are PAMPs

A

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, uniquely associated with bacteria, fungi, and viruses

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13
Q

What recognizes PAMPs

A

PRR: pattern recognition reception

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14
Q

what is an example of PAMP PRR interaction

A

Macrophage PRR recognizing PAMP from bacteria lipid polysaccharide

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15
Q

What is a response caused by a macrophage after receiving a PAMP from a bacteria

A

inflammation

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16
Q

what do interferons do

A

nonspecifically block viral replication

17
Q

What are some properties of natural killer (NK) cells

A

Lyphocytes, no antigen specificity, Lack MHC 1, kill via perforin and granzyme, surveys for tumor cells

18
Q

What happens to the tumor cell if a NK cell runs into it and it doesn’t have MHC1

A

DEATH

19
Q

What are examples of soluble factors

A

Acute-phase proteins, complement, interferons

20
Q

What is opsonization

A

Coats microbes and allows recognition

21
Q

What does inflammation do (3 processes)

A

Increased blood supply, migration of leukocytes from capillaries from capillaries, emigration and accumulation of leukocytes

22
Q

Characteristics of adaptive immunity

A

Develops upon foreign antigenic stimulation, takes time, specific to foreign antigen, has memory, distinguishes between self and non-self

23
Q

What do antigen presenting cells present in the context to

A

MHC 2

24
Q

What types of cells (3 types) do antigen presenting cells present to

A

Macrophage, dendritic cell, B cell

25
Q

What is recognized by antibody (B-cell receptor) or T-cell receptor

A

Epitope

26
Q

What is affinity

A

how strong a receptor binds to an epitope

27
Q

What are lymphocytes

A

effector cells of adaptive immunity (B and T cells)

28
Q

What is a b-cell receptor

A

Membrane bound antibody

29
Q

What do B-cells become when activated

A

Plasma or memory cell

30
Q

What must a T-cell have

A

Antigen presenting cell

31
Q

What do T-cells become when activated

A

Helper cell (CD4), effector cell (CD8), or suppressor

32
Q

What is clonal selection

A

each lymphocyte expresses a single antigen receptor specifically. each naive lymp. has a unique receptor and makes clones to bind to antigen. Clonal selection raises clonal frequency

33
Q

What happens during lag time in primary immune response

A

Clonal selection

34
Q

Properties of secondary immune response

A

More specific clones, more rapid response, stronger response, increased affinity (somatic hypermutation)

35
Q

What is in the lag phase of secondary immune response

A

Naive cells, and memory cells make for shorter lag phase than primary response

36
Q

Where do dendritic cells migrate to

A

Draining lymph nodes or secondary lymph organs to present antigen to naive lymphocytes

37
Q

What is the first cells to react in active immunity

A

dendritic cells

38
Q

What do plasma cells produce

A

antibodies

39
Q

What is immunity

A

host reaction to an antigen

Immunology (28 decks)

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