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Immunology > hematology > Flashcards

hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the main components of plasma produced

A

Liver

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2
Q

What are erythrocytes and what do they do

A

Red blood cells

O2 and CO2 transport, H+ buffering

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3
Q

What are leukocytes and what do they do

A

White blood cells

body defenses

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4
Q

What are platelets and what do they do

A

thrombocytes

Hemostasis, inflamationq

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5
Q

What are the layers of the hicrohematocrit tube from the top down

A

Plasma
Buffy coat
Packed erythrocytes
Clay

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6
Q

What’s an average PCV for mammals

A

35-45% depending on animal

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7
Q

What is an average blood volume

A

7-8% varies by species, body weight, activity level

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8
Q

What is a buffy coat

A

White blood cell layer in hematocrit tube between plasma and packed erythrocytes

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9
Q

What 3 problems/things can plasma appearance/color identify

A

Hemolysis
Lipemia (looks like strawberry milkshake)
Icterus index

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10
Q

What is a mistake someone can make that causes hemolysis of cells

A

Not taking off the needle when transferring the blood into test tubes

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11
Q

What are 5 things you can get from a microhematocrit tube

A 
PCV
Buffy coat
Plasma appearance/color
Plasma protein conc.
Fibrinogen
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12
Q

What’s the difference between blood and serum

A

Serum is blood that was allowed to coagulate

Platelets separate out in serum

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13
Q

What are some properties of plasma proteins

A

Transport of nutrients, hromones, waste, drugs
acid-base
Immunity
Hemostasis

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14
Q

Where are plasma proteins synthesized

A

liver

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15
Q

What is a electrophroadogram (?)

A

graph with readout of protein levels

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16
Q

What does anti-thrombin do

A

Inhibits thrombin and certain other coagulation factors

Requires GAG’s for optimal activity

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17
Q

What does a1-protease inhibitor do

A

inhibits proteases released during inflammation

Inhibits certain coagulation factors

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18
Q

What does transferrin do

A

2 binding sites to Fe+3

Iron transport through the body

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19
Q

What is ferritin

A

storage form of iron
found inside cells
plasma ferritin correlates with total body iron stores

20
Q

What does haptoglobin do

A

Binds plasma hemoglobin irreversibly
Prevents against bacterial infections
antioxidant activity

21
Q

What are chylomicrons

A

Synthesized from intestine, transport fatty things

22
Q

What are midichlorians

A

Microorganisms that allow one to feel the force

23
Q

What are LDLs

A

major mechanism by which cholesterol is transported to peripheral tissues

24
Q

What do HDLs do

A

transport cholesterol from tissues back to the liver

25
Q

Wher are specialized cells mainly produced

A

bone marrow

26
Q

What is in the buffy coat

A

leukocytes

plateltes

27
Q

What does fibrogenigen increase with

A

inflammation

28
Q

Fibrogen decreases with

A

DIC

29
Q

What are some reasons of artifactual hemolysis

A

Difficult blood withdrawal
Transfer of whole blood through needle
Contact of sample tube with ice
Warm temp and transport without ice

30
Q

What are the two blood readings

A

Chemistry profile

Protein electrophoresis

31
Q

What is a chemistry profile

A

Total protein

albumin

32
Q

What is a protein electrophoresis

A 
Total protein (analyzer)
Agarose or cellulose acetate gel
33
Q

What are major differences in hematology between mammals and non mammals

A

Mammals: Only leukocytes are nucleated, relatively consistent
Non: all cell lines are nucleated, variability

34
Q

What tube type do you use in mammals

A

EDTA

35
Q

What tube type do you use in non-mammals

A

Heparin

36
Q

What should you avoid when staining blood

A

Heat

Humidity

37
Q

What 3 cell lines should you evaluate with a CBC

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets/thrombocytes

38
Q

What is a leukogram

A

analyze white blood cells

39
Q

What are clinically significant changes with normal WBC

A

Increased immature neutrophils
Decreased neutrophils
Decreased lymphocytes

40
Q

What is the WBC estimate

A

average in 10 fields x objective power

41
Q

What are PMNs

A

neutrophils only

42
Q

What are mature neutorphils

A

segmented neutrophils

43
Q

What are bands

A

refers to neutrophilic bands only

44
Q

What is the most numerous cell in many species as well as the first line of defence

A

Neutrophils

45
Q

Where the neutrophil storage pool smallest and largest

A

Small: cattle
Large: dogs

46
Q

What does a left shift mean for a neutrophil

A

inflammatory leukogram
pancreatitis
there are more bands than the reference interval

47
Q

What is a left shift

A

Response to increased demand for neutrophils in peripheral tissues

Immunology (28 decks)

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