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Exam questions-abbot Flashcards

1
Q

List 2 functions of the spleen

A

hematopoietic (creates new blood cells)

Red blood cell reservoir

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2
Q

Name one tissue specific macrophage

A

microglia-brain

Klumpfer- liver

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3
Q

Name 2 effects of activation of macrophages by PAMPs

A

antimicrobial

antigen presentation

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4
Q

Antibody produced during a secondary or anamnestic response has higher affinity to the antigenic epitopes that the antibody during primary immune response. What mechanism results in this increased specificity

A

somatic hypermutation

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5
Q

List two of the body’s reactions to injury resulting in inflammation

A

Increased blood flow

accumulation of lymphocytes

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6
Q

List 3 mechanisms of generating diversity in B cell receptors. Does this also occur in T cells

A

Mutations/deletions- Yes
Somatic hypermutation- No
Genetic diversity- Yes

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7
Q

Once a B cell class switches to IgE it can no longer produce IgG, but it can still switch to IgA, why

A

Loss of genes

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8
Q

Positive selection of T cells in the thymus deletes certain T cells. Why

A

Can’t recognize self MHC

Negative is because they act with self

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9
Q

On what type of cells are MHC class 2 present

A

Antigen presenting cells

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10
Q

Where is the antigen derived that is presented by MHC class 2

A

exogenous

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11
Q

What type of cell does MHC class 2 present antigen to

A

CD4

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12
Q

Polymorphism in regard to MHC molecules

A

Co-dominant

Able to produce many responses

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13
Q

Polygeny in regards to MHC 2 molecules

A

multiple genes

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14
Q

2 separate signals that activate naive T cells from the same APC. What molecules are involved in the 1st and 2nd signal

A

MHC-CD3

B7-CD28

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15
Q

What happens to a T cell if only the 1st signal is received

A

Tolerence

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16
Q

What is the major target in a graft that is recognized as foreign by the immune system of the recipient

A

MHC

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17
Q

What causes increased immunogenicity

A

Large size
Intermediate dose
Complex composition

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18
Q

List two secondary lymphoid organs other than lymph nodes and spleen

A

Peyer’s patches

MALT

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19
Q

What type of injection will give the best immunogenicity

A

SQ

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20
Q

What is the general effector of immediate hypersensitivity

A

IgE

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21
Q

What is a condition of immediate hypersensitivity

A

allergies

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22
Q

What is the general effector of cytotoxic type hypersensitivity

A

ADCC

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23
Q

What is a condition of cytotoxic type hypersensitivity

A

Drug reactions

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24
Q

What is a general effector of immune complex type hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex

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25
Q

What is a condition of immune complex type hypersensitivity

A

Serum sickness

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26
Q

What is a general effector of delayed type hypersensitivity

A

T-lymph

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27
Q

what is a condition of delayed type hypersensitivitiy

A

poison ivy

28
Q

First line of defense against virus that infects endothelial cells

A

MHC 1 restricted production of Th1 cytokines

29
Q

Immunity against a small extracellular protozoa

A

antibody, opsonizing

30
Q

general protection against heminthes

A

Cytokine mediated NK cells

31
Q

Toxin mediated disase such as Clostridium botulinum

A

Antibody neutralizing

32
Q

Long term memory response against viral infection of epithelial cells

A

MHC 1 restricted productionof cytotoxic Tlmphhocytes

33
Q

T/F: Adaptive immune response is always genearate after an innate immune response

34
Q

T/F: Adaptive immunity always requires priming

35
Q

For a whole organism that is inactivated vaccine, do you need adjuvant, does it replicate in host, and is it exogenous or endogenous

A

Needs adjuvant, does not replicate in host, exogenus

36
Q

For a whole organism that is live, do you need adjuvant, does it replicate in host, and is it exogenous or endogenous

A

Doesn’t need adjuvant, replicates in host, endogenous

37
Q

Does part of the part of the whole antigen that is inactivated in a vaccine need adjuvant, replicate in host, and is it exogenous or endogenous

A

needs adjuvant, does not replicate in host, exogenous

38
Q

Does a whole modified vaccine need adjuvant, replicate in host, and is it exogenous, endogenous, or both

A

does not need adjuvant, replicates in host, and is both

39
Q

One difference between primary and secondary lymphoid organs

A

Primary- lymphocyte maturation

Secondary- proliferation

40
Q

What is an example of a primary lymph organ

41
Q

What is an example of secondary lymph organ

A

lymph node

42
Q

what are 2 functions of macrophages

A

Phagocytosis

antigen presentation

43
Q

Is recognition of PAMPs in beginning of immune response adaptive or innate

44
Q

macrophages, neutrophils, compliment, and NK cells are primarily innate or adaptive

45
Q

Memory is innate or adaptive

46
Q

APC for generation of immune response adaptive or innate

47
Q

is phagocytosis of exogenous antigen MHC 1 or 2

48
Q

The fusion of lysosome and the phagosome for processing is MHC1 or 2

49
Q

APCs are used in MHC 1 or 2

50
Q

Does MHC 1 or 2 require the proteosome for processing of endogenous antigen

51
Q

what is used in toxin mediated disease

A

antibody neutralizing

52
Q

what is used in intestinal infection

A

antibody neutralizing

53
Q

what is used in innate immunity protection of west nile virus

A

natural killer cells

54
Q

what is used in short term adaptive protection against WNV

A

antibody opsonizing

55
Q

what is used in long term adaptive protection against WNV

A

CD8T cells

56
Q

what is used in immunity against an intracellualr bacteria

A

phagosomal lysosomal fusion

57
Q

what are 2 problems that can occur with any vaccine

A

hypersensitivity

impure vaccine

58
Q

2 goals of vaccine that are independent of eradication

A

increase resistance of herd

prevent spreading

59
Q

What are unique features of the mucosal immune system

A

peyer’s patches, M cells, secretory IgA

60
Q

Kennel cough vaccine is administered interanasal, what antibody would predominate

61
Q

unique feature of secretory IgA

A

synthesis in mucosal tissues only

62
Q

what is self tolerance

A

lack of response to a self antigen

63
Q

how is b and t cell self tolerance established

A

colonal deletion/ colonal anergy

64
Q

what is colonal deletion

A

elimination of immature T and B cell clones with self reactive antigen receptors

65
Q

what is autoimmunity

A

loss of self tolerance

Immunology (28 decks)

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