Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Methods of Histology > Flashcards

Methods of Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of science dealing with external form and internal organization of plants and animals. What are the 2 branches?

A

Anatomy; Gross anatomy & Microscopic anatomy (histology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Branch of science dealing with microscopic structure and function of plant and animal tissues

A

Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Branch of biology that deals with cell formation, structure and function

A

Cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Histology did not acquire status of a separate science until the discovery of _____ by ______.

A

Cell Theory; Schwann & Schleiden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cell Theory states that cells are potentially _________.

A

Independent organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cell Theory states that plants and animals are ________ of these living units and __________.

A

Aggregations; their secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

All cells originate from _________ by cell division

A

Pre-existing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Methods of Direct Observation: Dynamics of blood circulation in organs, secretory properties of pancreatic cells, ovulation in rat

A

Exteriorization and Transillumination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Methods of Direct Observation: Growth of capillaries and nerves, emigrations of leukocytes, development of adipose tissue; Extension: transplant of ovarian cells in monkey cornea

A

Transparent Chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Methods of Direct Observation: Growth of fibroblasts, bone primordium

A

Cell and Organ Culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Methods of Direct Observation: Role of nucleus – microneedles, micropipettes

A

Mechanical Micromanipulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Methods of Direct Observation: Cell division

A

Radiation Probes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Methods of Direct Observation: Certain dyes and stains selectively stain cells and organelles

A

Vital and Supravital Staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Homogenate left at gravity for 20 min

A
  • Pellet containing broken cells

- Supernatant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Supernatant from step one centrifuged at 1000 X g for 20 min

A
  • Pellet containing nuclei, broken cells and intact cells

- Postnuclear supernatant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Postnuclear supernatant centrifuged at 20,000 X g for 20 min

A
  • Pellet containing mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes

- Postmitochondrial supernatant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Postmitochondrial supernatant centrifuged at 100,000 X g for 1 hr

A
  • Pellet containing microsomes (fragments of plasma membranes and smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum)
  • Postmicrosomal supernatant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Postmicrosomal supernatant centrifuged at 100,000 – 500,000 X g for a few hours

A
  • Pellet containing free ribosomes, viruses, large macromolecules such as proteins
  • Cytosol (soluble cellular components)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_____ stops dynamics of protoplasm.

A

Fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fixatives

A
  • Neutral formalin (37% formaldehyde solution)
  • Osmic acid
  • Mercuric chloride
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Embedding of soft tissue can take place in _____, ______, ______ & sectioning using ______.

A
  • Paraffin, Gelatin, Celloidin

- Microtome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Most common stains

A

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

H&E Stain

A

Nuceli: Blue
Muscle: Pink
Collagen: Pink
Elastic fibers: Pink

24
Q

Phsphotungstic Acid - hematoxylin (PTAH) Stain

A

Nuceli: Blue-Black
Muscle: Blue-Black
Collagen: Colorless-Pink
Elastic fibers: Colorless-Pink

25
Q

Masson Trichome Blue Stain

A

Nuceli: Blueish-red
Muscle: Red
Collagen: Blue
Elastic fibers: Blue

26
Q

Azan Stain

A

Nuceli: Blueish-red
Muscle: Red
Collagen: Blue
Elastic fibers: Blue

27
Q

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Stain

A

Specific for insoluble carbohydrates (polysaccharides) - gives a red or magenta (deep purplish red) color

28
Q

Chemical Procedures: Lipids

A

Uptake of fat soluble dyes – black color

29
Q

Chemical Procedures: Carbohydrates

A

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Reaction – magenta (deep purplish red) color

30
Q

Chemical Procedures: DNA

A

Feulgen Reaction – green color

31
Q

Chemical Procedures: Proteins & Enzymes

A

Biuret Reagent – blue color

32
Q

Physical Procedures

A

UV and X rays

33
Q

Chemical Basis of Histological Staining

A
  • Amphoteric properties of proteins
  • Isoelectric point
  • pH
  • Acids and bases
  • Acidophilic vs. basophilic dyes
34
Q

______ and ______ are the most commonly used dyes in histology

A

Hematoxylin and eosin

35
Q

An _____ dye, such as _____, carries a net negative charge on its colored portion (Na+ dye-)

A

Acidic; Eosin

36
Q

A _____ dye, such as ____________, carries a net positive charge on its colored portion (dye+ Cl-)

A

Basic; Methyl green

37
Q

__________ does not meet the definition of a strict basic dye but has properties that closely resemble those of a basic dye.

A

Hematoxylin

38
Q

_____ dyes react with cell and tissue components that carry a negative charge such as phosphate groups of ____________ and carboxyl groups of proteins.

A

Basic; Nucleic Acids

39
Q

______ dyes react with cell and tissue components that carry a positive charge such as ___________ in proteins.

A

Acidic; Amino groups

40
Q

Distinguishing objects separated by very minute distances

A

Resolution

41
Q

Enlargement

A

Magnification

42
Q

Degree of difference between light and dark

A

Contrast

43
Q

Most common, principle is differential absorption of light, improved by staining

A

Light Microscope

44
Q

Has optical device for converting minute distances

A

Phase Contrast Microscope

45
Q

Utilizes two beams of light and has a quantitative feature

A

Interference Microscope

46
Q

Light of specific wavelengths is used to illuminate specimens – example UV microscope

A

Fluorescent Microscope

47
Q

Instead of light a beam of electrons emitting from a tungsten filament

A

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

48
Q

Image projected on a TV monitor and scanning is possible

A

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

49
Q

Specimen Preparation for Electron Microscopy: Only ______ specimens suitable

A

Dehydrated

50
Q

Specimen Preparation for Electron Microscopy: Fixatives include _______, _______, _______, _______, and ______.

A
  • Neutral formalin
  • Osmium tetroxide
  • Osmium dichromate
  • Acrolein
  • Glutaraldehyde
51
Q

Specimen Preparation for Electron Microscopy: Most common fixative is _________.

A

1 or 2 % osmium tetroxide, pH 7.2-7.8

52
Q

Specimen Preparation for Electron Microscopy: Electrons do not register ______ and hence the electron micrographs are black and white - coloring after a picture is taken is possible

A

Color

53
Q

One of the most powerful tool for surface topography at molecular and atomic resolution

A

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

54
Q

It is a nonoptical microscope

A

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

55
Q

Works as finger tip by touching and feeling

A

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

56
Q

A very sharp, pointed probe, scans the specimen.

A

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

Histology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions