Cartilage & Bone Flashcards
Cartilage is a specialized kind of _____.
Connective tissue
Active cartilage forming cells are called ___________.
Chondroblasts
After forming cartilage, chondroblasts are embedded in gel like matrix and are then called ____________.
Chondrocytes
_______ predominates in cartilage and cells are enclosed in cavities called _________.
ECM; Lacunae
Unlike other CT, cartilage has no ________ and ________ of its own.
Blood vessels; Nerve supply
Cartilage is capable of _______ and hence is ideal for embryo.
Rapid growth
Most of axial and appendicular skeleton is first laid down as __________ and is later replaced by the bone.
Cartilage model
Cartilage has ______ occurrence in postnatal life.
Restricted
Except in joints, cartilage is covered by a dense CT called __________.
Perichondrium
Three kinds of cartilages based upon kinds and abundance of fibers and matrix
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage
______ cartilage is the most common kind and other kinds are its __________.
Hyaline; Modifications
Hyaline cartilage is found in end of ____, ______ rings, ______ and _____ surfaces of bones.
- Ribs
- Tracheal rings
- Larynx
- Joint surfaces of bones
Chondrogenesis: ________ cells –> _______ tissue or centers of _______ –> cells secrete _____ matrix and ______
- Mesenchymal
- Protochondral
- Ossification
- Hyaline
- Collagen
As the matrix increases, cells become isolated and get enclosed in ______ and are then called __________.
Lacunae; Chondrocytes
The two mechanisms for cartilage growth are ________ and ________ growth.
- Interstitial
- Appositional
Interstitial Growth: Cells in ______ mitotically divide and increase in number
Matrix
Appositional Growth: Perichondrium is _______ containing the _______ layer (cells differentiate into ________) and the _______ layer.
- Bilayered
- Inner chondrogenic
- Chondroblasts
- Outer nonchondrogenic
Chondrocytes are _____ cells that are enclosed in _____.
- Irregular
- Lacunae
Chondrocytes sometimes tend to cluster and are then called _______ cells.
Isogenous
Chondrocytes have distorted ________, are rich in ____ and ____, there are occasional ______ in cytoplasm.
- Mitochondria
- ER and GC
- Lipid droplets
The matrix of hyaline cartilage is ______ and can be differentiated into a ________ and an ________ matrix.
Homogenous; Territorial; Inter-territorial
The territorial matrix of hyaline cartilage is rich in ________ and has small ________ fibrils.
Sulfated GAG; Collagenous
The matrix of hyaline cartilage is ______ and has _______ ground substance.
PAS+; basophilic
The principal constituents of the hyaline cartilage matrix are ______ collagen, _________ (core protein and GAG), and ________ for binding.
Type II; Proteoglycans; Chondronectin