METHODS OF BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION Flashcards
memorization
Hanging drop technique is a test for:
Motility
Used to detect Treponema pallidum in material from primary or secondary syphilitic lesions or other spirochetes such as Leptospira:
Darkfield microscope
Useful in unstained specimens:
Phase-contrast microscopy
The primary stain of gram stain:
Crystal violet
Duration of primary stain:
1 minute
Mordant of gram stain:
Gram’s iodine
Duration of the mordant:
1 minute
Decolorizer of gram stain:
Alcohol-acetone
Duration of decolorizer in gram stain:
Quick on and rinse
Secondary stain of gram stain:
Safranin
Duration o the secondary stain in gram stain:
30 seconds
Most critical step in gram staining:
Decolorizing
What is the purpose of mordant in gram staining?
Fixes the stain
A unique component in bacteria where Acid-fast stain binds to.
Mycolic acid in the cell wall
Hot method of acid-fast staining:
Ziehl-Neelsen
Cold method of acid-fast staining:
Kinyoun
Primary stain of AFP:
Carbol fuchsin
Mordant used in cold method AFP:
Phenol
Mordant used in Hot method AFP:
Heat
Decolorizer of AFP:
Acid-alcohol
Secondary stain of AFP:
Methylene blue or Malachite green
AFP smear size should be at-least like a thumb size or _____.
2 cm X 3 cm
Used to stain mycobacteria; binds to mycolic acid in the organism’s cell wall, staining the bacteria yellow to orange:
Rhodamine-auramine
Fluorochrome dye that stains both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, living or dead; Binds to the nucleic acid of the cell and fluoresces as a bright orange when a fluorescent microscope is used.
Acridine orange
Fluorochrome dye that binds to chitin in fungal cell walls. Fluoresces as a bright apple-green or blue-white, allowing visualization of fungal structures with a fluorescent microscope.
Calcofluor White
Traditionally has been used to stain C. diphtheria for observation of metachromatic granules; Also used as a counterstain in acid-fast staining procedures.
Methylene blue
Metachromatic granules observed in C. diphtheria when stain when stained with methylene blue:
Babes Ernst Granules