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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - BACTERIOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA (GRAM POSITIVE (+) COCCI) > Flashcards

GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA (GRAM POSITIVE (+) COCCI) Flashcards

memorization

1
Q

Separates Staphylococcus (and Micrococcus) from Streptococcus

A

Catalase test

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2
Q

Tests to differentiate Staphylococci and Micrococci:

Bacitracin/ Taxo A disk Test

Staphylococcus =
Micrococcus =

A

Bacitracin/ Taxo A disk Test

Staphylococcus = Resistant
Micrococcus = Susceptible

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3
Q

Tests to differentiate Staphylococci and Micrococci:

Furazolidone

Staphylococcus =
Micrococcus =

A

Furazolidone

Staphylococcus = Susceptible
Micrococcus = Resistant

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4
Q

Tests to differentiate Staphylococci and Micrococci:

Modified oxidase/ Microdase test

Staphylococcus =
Micrococcus =

A

Modified oxidase/ Microdase test

Staphylococcus = Negative
Micrococcus = Positive (blue color within 2 minutes)

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5
Q

Tests to differentiate Staphylococci and Micrococci:

Lysostaphin Sensitivity

Staphylocccus =
Micrococcus =

A

Lysostaphin Sensitivity

Staphylocccus = Sensitive
Micrococcus = Resistant

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6
Q

Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus:

A
  • Suppurative cutaneous infections
  • Toxic shock syndrome
  • Food poisoning
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7
Q

Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis:

A
  • Opportunistic pathogen
  • Common cause of hospital-acquired UTI
  • Infects prosthetic devices (e.g. hip implant, heart valves) and IV catheters by producing adherent biofilms
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8
Q

Pathogenicity of S. saprophyticus:

A
  • UTI in young sexually active females (2nd most common cause of uncomplicated UTI in young women)
  • “Honeymooners cystitis”
  • UTI that is nitrite negative on urine dipstick
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9
Q

Colonies on SBA

Staphylococcus aureus =

A

S. aureus
- Most are BETA-HEMOLYTIC
- GOLDEN COLONIES

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10
Q

Colonies on SBA

Staphylococcus epidermidids =

A

S. epidermidis
- White
- Nonhemolytic

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11
Q

Colonies on SBA

Staphylococcus saprophyticus =

A

S. saprophyticus
- White to slightly yellow
- Nonhemolytic

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12
Q

The toxin present in S. aureus that causes TSS:

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1)

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13
Q

Toxic shock syndrome is most associated in women because of the use of:

A

Tampons

  • Most cases are in menstruating women, particularly those using tampons, especially the superabsorbent kind; may follow surgery
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14
Q

Staphylococcal Food poisoning is caused by:

A

Ingestion of enterotoxin (Stap enterotoxin) - heat resistant staph enterotoxin

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15
Q

Scalded skin syndrome is caused by:

A

S. aureus exfoliative toxin (Exfoliatin)

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16
Q

Superficial cutaneous infection characterized by crusty (honey-crusted) lesions and vesicles surrounded by a red border; common in children.

A

Impetigo

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17
Q

Variant of impetigo with bullae; caused by S. aureus:

A

Bullous impetigo

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18
Q

Aside from S. aureus, bullous impetigo may also be caused by:

A

Group A streptococcus

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19
Q

Rapid onset of symptoms in patients with NO pre-existing valve disease

A

Acute bacterial endocarditis

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20
Q

Endocarditis caused by S. viridans to damaged/diseased heart valves:

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

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21
Q

Enumerate enzymes and toxins produced by S. aureus:

A
  1. Protein A
  2. Catalase
  3. Coagulase
  4. Hyaluronidase
  5. Staphylokinase
  6. Exfoliatin
  7. Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1
  8. Enterotoxins
  9. DNase and phosphatase
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22
Q

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 is formerly known as:

A

Enterotoxin F

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23
Q

Binds IgG Fc thus inhibiting complement activation and phagocytosis

A

Protein A

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24
Q

Protein A is used in what test?

A

Coagglutination test

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25
Converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen:
Catalase
26
What is the other name of hyaluronidase?
Spreading factor
27
Exfoliatin causes what disease:
Scalded Skin Syndrome
28
Beta-hemolytic streptococci:
Group A strep - S. pyogenes Group B strep - S. agalactiae
29
Enumerate virulence factors of S. pyogenes:
1. M protein 2. Hemolysins 3. Streptokinase 4. Hyaluronidase (spreading factor) 5. Pyogenic (erythrogenic) toxins 6. Hyaluronic acid capsule
30
Hemolysins of Group A strep (S. pyogenes)
Streptolysin S - oxygen stable, non-antigenic Streptolysin O - antigenic
31
Pyogenic diseases of Group A strep (S. pyogenes)
- Pharyngitis - Impetigo ("Honey-crusted" lesions) - Erysipelas
32
Most common cause of bacterial strep throat (Streptococcal pharyngitis):
Group A strep (S. pyogenes)
33
Toxigenic diseases of Group A strep (S. pyogenes)
- Scarlet fever - Toxic shock-like syndrome - Necrotizing fasciitis
34
Infection of deep tissues (muscle fascia/subcutaneous fat); often fulminant and deadly; infection spreads along muscle fascia; requires surgical debribement.
Necrotizing fasciitis
35
Classic finding of scarlet fever:
"Strawberry tongue" "Sandpaper skin"
36
Immunologic diseases caused by Group A strep (S. pyogenes)
- Rheumatic fever - Glomerulonephritis
37
Follows group A strep pharyngitis infection; Anti-strep antibodies cross-react with tissue antigens
Rheumatic fever
38
What type of autoimmune reaction is Rheumatic fever?
Type II autoimmune reaction (cytotoxic)
39
Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN); Nephrotic syndrome 2-3 weeks after GAS infection
Glomerulonephritis
40
A test that indicates recent S. pyogenes infection (previous infection)
ASO titer or anti-DNase B antibodies
41
Test susceptibility for scarlet fever, (+) redness or erythema of test site; Uses toxin
Dick's test
42
Diagnostic test for current scarlet fever, (+) blanching phenomenon (rash fades at site of infection of anti-erythrogenic toxin); uses anti-toxin
Schultz-Charlton test
43
Scarlet fever is caused by what toxin of group A strep?
Erythrogenic toxin
44
Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by what group A strep toxin?
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin released
45
An important pathogens for babies/infants
Group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae)
46
Pregnant women are screened at _______ weeks of gestation with rectal and vaginal swabs
35-37 weeks of gestation
47
Enumerate Alpha hemolytic streptococci:
- S. pneumoniae (pneumococcus) - Viridans strep
47
Patients with positive cultures for Group B strep (S. agalactiae) receives:
Intrapartum penicillin prophylaxis
48
Viridans strep in Optochin test is:
Resistant
49
S. pneumoniae in Optochin test is:
Susceptible
50
Lancet-shaped encapsulated diplococci; considered part of normal flora of the URT of preschool children
Streptococcus pneumoniae
51
Principal virulence factor of S. pneumoniae:
Antiphagocyticcapsular polysaccharide
52
S. pneumoniae is IgA protease negative true or false
False S. pneumonaie is IgA protease positive (+)
53
S. pneumoniae Lobar pneumonia is associated with _______ colored sputum:
"Rusty sputum"
54
On culture, S. pneumoniae appear:
- Alpha hemolytic - mucoid colonies with flattened/depressed centers
55
S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia and the most common cause of bacterial meningitis true or false
True
56
Bacteria that causes Subacute bacterial endocarditis at damaged heart valves:
Viridans streptococci
57
E. faecalis and E. faecium causes diarrhea true or false
False E. faecalis and E. faecium causes UTI (Not diarrhea)
58
Important enterococcus strain that causes nosocomial infection:
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
59
bacteria that is strongly associated with colon cancer
Streptococcus bovis (Streptococcus gallolyticus)
60
Based on the antigenic nature of cell wall carbohydrates (C polysaccharide)
Lancefield classification
61
Bacteria that causes dental caries
Streptococcus mutans

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - BACTERIOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (27 decks)

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