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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - BACTERIOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA (GRAM POSITIVE (+) COCCI) > Flashcards

GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA (GRAM POSITIVE (+) COCCI) Flashcards

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1
Q

Separates Staphylococcus (and Micrococcus) from Streptococcus

A

Catalase test

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2
Q

Tests to differentiate Staphylococci and Micrococci:

Bacitracin/ Taxo A disk Test

Staphylococcus =
Micrococcus =

A

Bacitracin/ Taxo A disk Test

Staphylococcus = Resistant
Micrococcus = Susceptible

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3
Q

Tests to differentiate Staphylococci and Micrococci:

Furazolidone

Staphylococcus =
Micrococcus =

A

Furazolidone

Staphylococcus = Susceptible
Micrococcus = Resistant

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4
Q

Tests to differentiate Staphylococci and Micrococci:

Modified oxidase/ Microdase test

Staphylococcus =
Micrococcus =

A

Modified oxidase/ Microdase test

Staphylococcus = Negative
Micrococcus = Positive (blue color within 2 minutes)

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5
Q

Tests to differentiate Staphylococci and Micrococci:

Lysostaphin Sensitivity

Staphylocccus =
Micrococcus =

A

Lysostaphin Sensitivity

Staphylocccus = Sensitive
Micrococcus = Resistant

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6
Q

Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus:

A
  • Suppurative cutaneous infections
  • Toxic shock syndrome
  • Food poisoning
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7
Q

Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis:

A
  • Opportunistic pathogen
  • Common cause of hospital-acquired UTI
  • Infects prosthetic devices (e.g. hip implant, heart valves) and IV catheters by producing adherent biofilms
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8
Q

Pathogenicity of S. saprophyticus:

A
  • UTI in young sexually active females (2nd most common cause of uncomplicated UTI in young women)
  • “Honeymooners cystitis”
  • UTI that is nitrite negative on urine dipstick
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9
Q

Colonies on SBA

Staphylococcus aureus =

A

S. aureus
- Most are BETA-HEMOLYTIC
- GOLDEN COLONIES

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10
Q

Colonies on SBA

Staphylococcus epidermidids =

A

S. epidermidis
- White
- Nonhemolytic

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11
Q

Colonies on SBA

Staphylococcus saprophyticus =

A

S. saprophyticus
- White to slightly yellow
- Nonhemolytic

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12
Q

The toxin present in S. aureus that causes TSS:

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1)

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13
Q

Toxic shock syndrome is most associated in women because of the use of:

A

Tampons

  • Most cases are in menstruating women, particularly those using tampons, especially the superabsorbent kind; may follow surgery
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14
Q

Staphylococcal Food poisoning is caused by:

A

Ingestion of enterotoxin (Stap enterotoxin) - heat resistant staph enterotoxin

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15
Q

Scalded skin syndrome is caused by:

A

S. aureus exfoliative toxin (Exfoliatin)

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16
Q

Superficial cutaneous infection characterized by crusty (honey-crusted) lesions and vesicles surrounded by a red border; common in children.

A

Impetigo

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17
Q

Variant of impetigo with bullae; caused by S. aureus:

A

Bullous impetigo

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18
Q

Aside from S. aureus, bullous impetigo may also be caused by:

A

Group A streptococcus

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19
Q

Rapid onset of symptoms in patients with NO pre-existing valve disease

A

Acute bacterial endocarditis

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20
Q

Endocarditis caused by S. viridans to damaged/diseased heart valves:

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

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21
Q

Enumerate enzymes and toxins produced by S. aureus:

A
  1. Protein A
  2. Catalase
  3. Coagulase
  4. Hyaluronidase
  5. Staphylokinase
  6. Exfoliatin
  7. Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1
  8. Enterotoxins
  9. DNase and phosphatase
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22
Q

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 is formerly known as:

A

Enterotoxin F

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23
Q

Binds IgG Fc thus inhibiting complement activation and phagocytosis

A

Protein A

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24
Q

Protein A is used in what test?

A

Coagglutination test

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25
Q

Converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen:

A

Catalase

26
Q

What is the other name of hyaluronidase?

A

Spreading factor

27
Q

Exfoliatin causes what disease:

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome

28
Q

Beta-hemolytic streptococci:

A

Group A strep - S. pyogenes
Group B strep - S. agalactiae

29
Q

Enumerate virulence factors of S. pyogenes:

A
  1. M protein
  2. Hemolysins
  3. Streptokinase
  4. Hyaluronidase (spreading factor)
  5. Pyogenic (erythrogenic) toxins
  6. Hyaluronic acid capsule
30
Q

Hemolysins of Group A strep (S. pyogenes)

A

Streptolysin S - oxygen stable, non-antigenic
Streptolysin O - antigenic

31
Q

Pyogenic diseases of Group A strep (S. pyogenes)

A
  • Pharyngitis
  • Impetigo (“Honey-crusted” lesions)
  • Erysipelas
32
Q

Most common cause of bacterial strep throat (Streptococcal pharyngitis):

A

Group A strep (S. pyogenes)

33
Q

Toxigenic diseases of Group A strep (S. pyogenes)

A
  • Scarlet fever
  • Toxic shock-like syndrome
  • Necrotizing fasciitis
34
Q

Infection of deep tissues (muscle fascia/subcutaneous fat); often fulminant and deadly; infection spreads along muscle fascia; requires surgical debribement.

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

35
Q

Classic finding of scarlet fever:

A

“Strawberry tongue”
“Sandpaper skin”

36
Q

Immunologic diseases caused by Group A strep (S. pyogenes)

A
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Glomerulonephritis
37
Q

Follows group A strep pharyngitis infection; Anti-strep antibodies cross-react with tissue antigens

A

Rheumatic fever

38
Q

What type of autoimmune reaction is Rheumatic fever?

A

Type II autoimmune reaction (cytotoxic)

39
Q

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN); Nephrotic syndrome 2-3 weeks after GAS infection

A

Glomerulonephritis

40
Q

A test that indicates recent S. pyogenes infection (previous infection)

A

ASO titer or anti-DNase B antibodies

41
Q

Test susceptibility for scarlet fever, (+) redness or erythema of test site; Uses toxin

A

Dick’s test

42
Q

Diagnostic test for current scarlet fever, (+) blanching phenomenon (rash fades at site of infection of anti-erythrogenic toxin); uses anti-toxin

A

Schultz-Charlton test

43
Q

Scarlet fever is caused by what toxin of group A strep?

A

Erythrogenic toxin

44
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by what group A strep toxin?

A

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin released

45
Q

An important pathogens for babies/infants

A

Group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae)

46
Q

Pregnant women are screened at _______ weeks of gestation with rectal and vaginal swabs

A

35-37 weeks of gestation

47
Q

Enumerate Alpha hemolytic streptococci:

A
  • S. pneumoniae (pneumococcus)
  • Viridans strep
47
Q

Patients with positive cultures for Group B strep (S. agalactiae) receives:

A

Intrapartum penicillin prophylaxis

48
Q

Viridans strep in Optochin test is:

A

Resistant

49
Q

S. pneumoniae in Optochin test is:

A

Susceptible

50
Q

Lancet-shaped encapsulated diplococci; considered part of normal flora of the URT of preschool children

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

51
Q

Principal virulence factor of S. pneumoniae:

A

Antiphagocyticcapsular polysaccharide

52
Q

S. pneumoniae is IgA protease negative

true or false

A

False

S. pneumonaie is IgA protease positive (+)

53
Q

S. pneumoniae Lobar pneumonia is associated with _______ colored sputum:

A

“Rusty sputum”

54
Q

On culture, S. pneumoniae appear:

A
  • Alpha hemolytic
  • mucoid colonies with flattened/depressed centers
55
Q

S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia and the most common cause of bacterial meningitis

true or false

A

True

56
Q

Bacteria that causes Subacute bacterial endocarditis at damaged heart valves:

A

Viridans streptococci

57
Q

E. faecalis and E. faecium causes diarrhea

true or false

A

False

E. faecalis and E. faecium causes UTI (Not diarrhea)

58
Q

Important enterococcus strain that causes nosocomial infection:

A

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)

59
Q

bacteria that is strongly associated with colon cancer

A

Streptococcus bovis (Streptococcus gallolyticus)

60
Q

Based on the antigenic nature of cell wall carbohydrates (C polysaccharide)

A

Lancefield classification

61
Q

Bacteria that causes dental caries

A

Streptococcus mutans

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - BACTERIOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (27 decks)

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