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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - BACTERIOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > GRAM POSITIVE (+) AEROBIC BACILLI > Flashcards

GRAM POSITIVE (+) AEROBIC BACILLI Flashcards

memroization

1
Q

Aerobic gram-positive, spore-forming rods; catalase positive;’ most (but not all) are motile

A

Bacillus

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2
Q

The only truly pathogenic Bacillus

A

B. anthracis

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3
Q

The main host of B. anthracis:

A

Domesticated animals (e.g cows)

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4
Q

What disease is caused by B. anthracis

A

Anthrax

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5
Q

Enumerate types of anthrax:

A
  1. Cutaneous anthrax
  2. Gastrointestinal anthrax
  3. Inhalation anthrax
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6
Q

Most common anthrax type; characteristic central black painless eschar (ulcer) at the site of inoculation with surrounding edema; can lead to sepsis

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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7
Q

Most lethal and deadly anthrax type:

A

Inhalation anthrax

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8
Q

Other name of inhalation anthrax

A

“woolsorter’s disease”

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9
Q

The capsule of B. anthracis is made up of:

A

Poly-D-glutamic acid

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10
Q

Action of poly-D-glutamic acid in the capsule of B. anthracis

A

Antiphagocytic

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11
Q

Three proteins that makes up the anthrax toxin

A
  1. Protective Antigen (PA)
  2. Edema Factor (EF)
  3. Lethal Factor (LF)
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12
Q

EF + PA; responsible for cell and tissue edema:

A

Edema toxin

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13
Q

LF + PA; cause of death in infected animals and humans:

A

Lethal toxin

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14
Q

Bacillus anthracis on sheep blood agar at 24 hours:

A

Non-motile and Non-hemolytic

Tip: Read Bacillus anthracis as “Bacillus NONthracis”

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15
Q

Colony appearance of B. anthracis on blood agar:

A

“Medusa head” appearance of colonies

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16
Q

Microscopic appearance of B. anthracis:

A

Bamboo pole arrangement
“Boxcar” appearance (Centrally located spore)

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17
Q

Bacillus species that can cause food poisoning:

A

Bacillus cereus

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18
Q

2 distinct form of food poisoning caused by B. cereus:

A
  1. Emetic type
  2. Diarrheal type
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19
Q

Associated with fried rice, milk and pasta; caused by ingestion of preformed emetic toxin

A

Emetic type

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20
Q

Associated with meat dishes and sauces; ingested spores develop into vegetative cells that secrete enterotoxins

A

Diarrheal type

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21
Q

Difference between B. anthracis and B. cereus

A

B. anthracis:
- Non-hemolytic
- Non-motile

B. cereus:
- Beta-hemolytic
- Swarming motility (similar to proteus)

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22
Q

Other name of Corynebacterium diptheriae

A

Diphtheria bacillus/ Kleb Loeffler’s bacillus

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23
Q

An acute contagious disease characterized by the production of a systematic toxin and a false membrane lining on the throat (pseudomembranous)

A

Diphtheria

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24
Q

Appearance of C. diphtheriae on Loeffler’s serum agar:

A

(+) Poached egg colonies

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25
Skin test for C. diptheriae susceptibility
Schick's test
26
In vitro virulence test for C. diphtheriae:
ELECK METHOD
27
positive result for Eleck method:
precipitin lines (+)
28
Nonlipophilic coryneform bacteria; Also known as Hoffman's bacillus:
C. pseudodiphtheriticum - Normal flora of human nasopharynx
29
Lipophilic coryneform bacteria:
1. C. jeikeium 2. C. urealyticum
30
Gram positive or gram variable coccobacillus (resembling Haemophilus), or diphtheroid-like rods
Listeria monocytogenes
31
Motility of L. monocytogenes:
Tumbling motility
32
CAMP (+) pattern of L. monocytogenes:
"shovel" pattern CAMP (+)
33
In motility medium, L. monocytogenes is positive with a characteristic "_______" shaped pattern:
"umbrella" shaped pattern in motility medium
34
Virulence tes for L. monocytogenes; culture instilled in rabbit eye causes purulent conjunctivitis; stimulates monocytes in rabbits:
Anton test
35
Differentiate L. monocytogenes and Corynebacteria:
L. monocytogenes - Tumbling motility (+)/motile - Salicin (+) Corynebacteria - Non-motile - Salicin (-)
36
Diseases caused by L. monocytogenes:
- Gastroenteritis - Meningitis - Infection in pregnancy - Granulomatosis Infantiseptica
37
Bacteria that causes Erysipeloid, aka "seal finger" and "whale finger"
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
38
Test that differentiates E. rhusiopathie from L. monocytogenes:
H2S E. rhusiopathie - H2S (+) L. monocytogenes (-)
39
Erysupelothrix rhusiopathie in motility medium is described as having:
"test tube brush" shape
40
Culture media incubation requirements for isolation of Mycobacterium:
Incubate in 5-10% CO2 (Capnophilic)
41
Culture media for isolation of Mycobacterium:
1. Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) 2. Middlebrook 7H10 or 7H11 agar
42
Culture media for Mycobacterium that contains egg glycerol; more species grow, less drying out, good for niacin test; Difficult to prepare.
Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J)
43
Culture media for Mycobacterium that has clear agar and fewer contaminants; it's clear agar can allow to see the colonies early through the microscope.
Middlebrook 7h10 or 7h11 agar
44
Stains for Mycobacterium:
1. Acid-Fast stain 2. Auramine-rhodamine fluorescent stain (Truant)
45
Best/preferred test for the identification of mycobacteria:
Niacin test
46
In Nitrate reduction test, which Mycobacterium is positive and which is negative:
Nitrate reduction test for Mycobacterium: M. tuberculosis (+) M. bovis (-)
47
Described as rough, wrinkled, dry, elevated, buff-colored ("cauliflower-like) at 35-37C
M. tuberculosis
48
The primary spread of the organism 9M. tuberculosis) is via ___________.
via aerosol droplets from coughing
49
True or false The immunologic response to this infection (M. tuberculosis) is humoral rather than cellular.
False The immunologic response to M. tuberculosis is cellular (rather than humoral)
50
Most common presentation of TB is as a ____________.
Chronic pulmonary disease
51
M. tuberculosis infection - In those with intact cell-mediated immunity, T cells and macrophages limit the multiplication and dissemination of the organism by forming _________.
Granulomas
52
Other tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis:
1. Mantoux Tuberculin skin test (TST) 2. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAS)
53
Test used to determine whether an individual has been exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis; uses Purified protein derivative (PPD), which is a heat-killed, filtered, ammonium sulfate-precipitated organism; injected intradermally into the forearm.
Mantoux Tuberculin Skin test (TST)
54
Whole blood tests to detect tiuberculosis infection; including both latent TB infection (LTBI) and tuberculosis (TB) disease.
Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAS)
55
two (2) approved IGRAS test:
1. QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT) 2. T-SPOT TB test (T-Spot)
56
Most common non-Tb mycobacterial infection (second to tuberculosis); Causes disseminated disease in HIV/AIDS with low CD4 count (<50)/Systemic disease
Mycobacterium avium complex
57
mycobacterium avium complex includes:
- M. avium - M. intercellulare
58
Obligate intracellular organism' reservoir is armadillos; causes HANSEN'S Disease (leprosy)
Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen's Bacillus)
59
These are macrophages containing acid-fast bacilli described as "smears of tissue juice":
Lepra cells
60
Milder disease; strong cell-mediated TH1 response contains infection; patches of hypopigmented skin with loss of sensation over affected area; (+) granuloma
Tuberculoid leprosy
61
Severe disease; depressed cell-mediated immunity; diffuse skin lesions with often deformed, thickened skin (Leonine facies); (-) granuloma
Lepromatous leprosy
62
Skin test for leprosy using a sterile extract from lepromatous nodules:
Lepronin test
63
Two (2) types of reaction of lepronin test:
1. Early Fernandez reaction (24 to 48 hours) 2. Late or Mitsuda reaction (3 to 4 weeks )
64
Diagnosis of Mycobacterium leprae:
Acid-fast organisms on skin biopsy
65
Causes Buruli ulcers in Africa
Mycobacterium ulcerans
66
Thin, branching and beaded modified acid fast-positive rods
Nocardia
67
Disease caused by Nocardia:
Nocardiosis
68
Causative organisms are soil-inhabiting (exogenous) Nocardia:
- N. asteroides - N. brasiliensis

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - BACTERIOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (27 decks)

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