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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY > Flashcards

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

The shape of the bacteria is determined by the mechanism of _____ assembly:

A

Cell wall

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2
Q

Mention 3 organisms with a shape described as “spirochete”:

A

Remember “BLT” or ‘BoLeT”

  1. Borrelia
  2. Leptospira
  3. Treponema
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3
Q

Lancet-shaped diplococci:

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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4
Q

Coffee bean-shaped diplococci:

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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5
Q

With tapered/tapering ends bacteria:

A

Fusobacterium

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6
Q

example of palisade arrangement bacteria:

A

Corynebacterium

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7
Q

“picket fence”. “Chinese letter arrangement”

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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8
Q

Unit of measurement of bacteria:

A

Micrometer

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9
Q

Smallest pathogenic bacillus

A

Haemophilus

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10
Q

Largest pathogenic bacillus

A

Bacillus anthracis

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11
Q

Mucilaginous envelope that surrounds some bacteria

A

Capsule

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12
Q

The capsule of Bacillus anthracis is made of:

A

Poly-D-glutamic acid

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13
Q

A test that detects capsules in bacteria:

A

Quellung reaction

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14
Q

Enumerate encapsulated microorganisms:

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenza
  • Salmonella typhi
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mnemonic: “Some Nasty Killers Have Some Capsule Protection”

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15
Q

Special staining methods for capsules:

A
  • Hiss stain
  • India Ink stain (negative stain) (stains the background)
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16
Q

Loosely arranged extracellular material that surrounds bacterial cells; found in biofilm

A

Slime layer

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17
Q

Known bacteria that use biofilm to adhere to surfaces, like catheters/artificial implants

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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18
Q

Also known as the peptidoglycan layer or murein layer; protects bacteria against osmotic pressure; gives shape to bacteria; confer the gram’s reaction of the bacteria

A

Cell wall

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19
Q

It is composed of a very thick protective peptidoglycan (murein layer);

A

Gram-positive cell wall

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20
Q

Gram (+) cell wall consists of glycan chain of alternating _________ (NAG) and ___________ (NAM)

A

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG)
N-acetyl-D-muramic acid (NAM)

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21
Q

Negatively charged and contributes to the negativity of the cell wall; it may also bind and regulate the movement of cations into and out of the cell:

A

Teichoic acid

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22
Q

Composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan. No teichoic acid:

A

Gram-negative cell wall

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23
Q

Between outer membrane and gram-negative cell wall:

A

Periplasmic space

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24
Q

Concurs resistance to drying and chemicals; contains a waxy layer of glycolipids and fatty acids (hydroxymethoxy acid or mycolic acid) bound to the exterior of the cell wall)

A

Acid-fast cell wall

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25
Q

The acid-fast cell wall has a gram-_____ reaction.

A

gram-positive

26
Q

enumerate Acid-Fast organisms:

A

Mnemonic: “No MILCC”

Nocardia
Mycobacterium
Isospora
Legionella micdadei
Cryptosporidum
Cyclospora

Additional information: Acid-Fast protozoans (ICC)
- Isospora
- Cryptosporidium
- Cyclospora

27
Q

Bacteria without cell wall but contain sterol in their cell membrane:

A

Mnemonic: MU/ “MU palang, hubad na”

  • Mycoplasma
  • Ureaplasma
28
Q

The outer membrane is present only in gram-______ bacteria:

A

gram-negative bacteria

29
Q

The lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane is composed of:

A
  1. Lipid A - major constituent; toxic
  2. Core polysaccharide
  3. O polysaccharide
30
Q

Endotoxin is ONLY found in gram-_____ bacteria:

A

Endotoxin is only found in gram-negative bacteria

31
Q

All gram-positive organisms DO NOT HAVE ENDOTOXIN except:

A

Listeria monocytogenes

32
Q

Site of bacterial energy metabolism; ATP production:

A

Cell membrane

33
Q

From what bacteria are Babes-Ernst granules recognized?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Remember: “CORNY (Coryne) mo BABE (Babes-Ernst)”

34
Q

From what bacteria are Much granules recognized?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

35
Q

From what bacteria are Bipolar bodies recognized?

A

Yersinia pestis

36
Q

Bacteria that resembles a “safety pin”

A

Yersinia pestis

37
Q

Survival response to certain adverse nutritional conditions, such as depletion of certain resources; highly resistant to desiccation, heat, and various chemicals:

A

Endospores

38
Q

Endospores help identify some species of bacteria like:

A

Bacillus and
Clostridium

39
Q

What microorganism has a terminal spore described as having a “tennis racket” appearance?

A

Clostridium tetani

40
Q

What microorganism has a subterminal spore?

A

Clostridium botulinum

41
Q

What microorganism has a central spore described as having a “Boxcar” appearance?

A

Bacillus anthracis

42
Q

The structure of endospores possesses a core that contains many cell components, a spore wall, a cortex, a coat, and an exosporium. the core contains ___________, which aids in heat resistance within the core.

A

Calcium dipicolinate

43
Q

Endospore stains:

A
  1. Schaeffer-Fulton stain
  2. Doemer’s stain
  3. Wirtz-Conkin
44
Q

Endospore stain that stains any present endospores green:

A

Schaeffer-Fulton stain

45
Q

What does bacteria use for locomotion:

A

Flagella

46
Q

No flagella:

A

Atrichous

47
Q

Single flagellum at one pole:

A

Monotrichous

48
Q

Single flagellum at each pole:

A

Amphitrichous

49
Q

Tuft of flagella at one or both poles:

A

Lophotrichous

50
Q

Flagella all over organism:

A

Peritrichous

51
Q

Pathogens that possess monotrichous flagella:

A
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Campylobacter
  • Helicobacter
  • Vibrio
52
Q

Pathogens that possess peritrichous flagella:

A

Most members of the Enterobacteriaceae except “SKY” @ 55C)

53
Q

To differentiate bacteria through motility:

  • Shigella (?) from Salmonella (?)
  • Klebsiella (?) from Enterobacter (?)
A
  • Shigella (-) from Salmonella (+)
  • Klebsiella (-) from Enterobacter (+)
54
Q

Often motility can be seen best at ___C (35-37C may be inhibitory)

A

25C

55
Q

Flagella stains contains ______ that precipitates and coats flagaella

A

contains tannic acid

56
Q

aka axial filament, found in spirochetes:

A

Endoflagella

57
Q

Characteristic motility:

Tumbling motility:

A

Listeria

58
Q

Characteristic motility:

Darting motility:

A

Campylobacter

59
Q

Characteristic motility:

Gliding motility:

A

Capnocytophaga

Remember: “CAP-tain America hindi lumilipad, pero nagga-GLIDING” - Doc Gab Pascual XD

60
Q

Characteristic motility:

Swarming motility:

A

Proteus, some Bacillus species

61
Q

Hair-like extensions that extend into the environment; has 2 types used for attachment and for conjugation:

A

Pili/Fimbriae

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (26 decks)

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