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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > FERMENTATIVE GRAM-NEGATIVE (-) BACILLI (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE) > Flashcards

FERMENTATIVE GRAM-NEGATIVE (-) BACILLI (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE) Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

General characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae:

A
  1. Gram-negative rods; either motile with peritrichous flagella or non-motile (“SKY”)
  2. Facultative anaerobes that grow well on artificial media
  3. Catalase positive, oxidase negative, reduce nitrate to nitrite
  4. Fermenters (produce acid in presence or absence of oxygen); All are glucose fermenters with or without gas production
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3
Q

Antigens of Enterobacteriaceae:

A
  • O antigen
  • H antigen
  • K antigen
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4
Q

O antigen other name:

A

Somatic antigen

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5
Q

H antigen other name:

A

Flagellar antigen

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6
Q

K antigen other name:

A

Capsular antigen

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7
Q

location of O antigen

A

Cell wall

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8
Q

location of H antigen:

A

Flagella

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9
Q

location of K antigen:

A

Capsule

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10
Q

Enterobacteriaceae antigen used for serological grouping of Salmonella & Shigella

A

O antigen

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11
Q

Enterobacteriaceae antigen used to serotype Salmonella

A

H antigen

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12
Q

Enterobacteriaceae antigen role in preventing phagocytosis

A

K antigen

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13
Q

Predominant aerobe in the GIT; colonic normal flora (nonpathogenic strains) of human and animals

A

Escherichia coli (Colon bacillus)

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14
Q

Diseases caused by E. coli:

A
  • Diarrhea
  • UTI (most common cause)
  • Neonatal meningitis
  • Gram (-) sepsis

Mnemonic: DUNG

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15
Q

Also known as Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) or verotoxin-producing (VTEC); Diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC)

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16
Q

Transmission of EHEC:

A

Undercooked, raw milk, apple cider

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17
Q

Most common isolate of group & pathogen most often isolated from bloody stools:

A

E. coli O157:H7

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18
Q

Culture media for E. coli O157:H7

A

Sorbitol-MacConkey Agar

Note: E. coli O157:H7 does not ferment sorbitol; colonies are colorless

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19
Q

Causes “Traveler’s diarrhea” (aka Montezuma’s revenge Turista), diarrhea in infants

A

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)

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20
Q

Transmission of ETEC:

A

Contaminated food or water

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21
Q

Diarrhea in infants (Pediatric diarrhea); major pathogen in infants in developing countries

A

Enteropathogenic (EPEC)

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22
Q

Transmission of EPEC:

A

Formula & food contaminated with fecal material

23
Q

Diarrhea in developing countries; chronic diarrhea in HIV-infected patients

A

Enteroaggregative (EAEC)

24
Q

Diarrhea & UTI; Most common in children in developing countries:

A

Diffusely adherent (DAEC)

25
Q

Common ventilator-associated pneumonia and is also associated with alcoholism (pneumococcus is still more common) and aspiration

A

KLebsiella pneumoniae

26
Q

“Currant jelly” sputum is described in the infection of __________.

A

K. pneumonaie

27
Q

The only indole positive Klebsiella; IMVIC: +-++

A

Klebsiella oxytoca

28
Q

two (2) general types of Salmonella:

A
  1. Salmonella typhi
  2. Non-typhoid strains
29
Q

Bacteria that causes typhoid fever:

A

Salmonella typhi

30
Q

Non-typhoid strains:

A

S. enterica
S. enteritidis

31
Q

Diseases caused by Salmonella:

A
  • Endotoxin
  • Entercolitis
  • Septicemic (estraintestinal) disease
  • Enteric fever (typhoid)
32
Q

Salmonella stain that causes less severe typhoid fever:

A

Salmonella paratyphi

33
Q

Salmonella strain that causes serious and recurring problems for patients with sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella osteomylitis

34
Q

Signs and symptoms of typhoid fever:

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Fever
  • “Rose spots” may appear on the trunk of the patient in the second and third weeks
  • Pulse-temperature dissociation (high fever with slow pulse)
35
Q

Diagnosis for typhoid fever:

A

Culture (stool, blood) (Gold standard)

36
Q

Most communicable of bacterial diarrhea (<200 bacilli needed to infect a person)

A

Shigella

37
Q

Shigella strain that causes the most severe disease:

A

Shigella dysenteriae

38
Q

Only Shigella strain that is ONPG (late lactose fermenter) positive:

A

Shigella sonnie

39
Q

Only Shigella strain that is Catalase test, ONPG, Mannitol test negative

A

Shigella dysenteriae

40
Q

Shigella strains that is positive for Catalase test and Mannitol test and negative for ONPG:

A

Shigella flexneri
Shigella boydii

41
Q

Bacteria that produces swarming on agar

A

Proteus

42
Q

Most common proteus strain that is indole (-)

A

Proteus mirabilis

43
Q

Differentiate P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris:

A

P. mirabilis
- Indole (-)
- TSI = K/A

P. vulgaris
- Indole (+)
- TSI = A/A

44
Q

Diseases caused by Proteus:

A
  • UTI
  • Wound infections
  • Septicemia
45
Q

Kidney stone associated with Proteus:

A
  • Struvite kidney stones (then to urinary obstruction); (Proetus produces a powerful urease that hydrolyzes urea to ammonia and CO2, leading to struvite kidney stone [alkaline])
46
Q

Slow lactose fermenters, not dominant pathogen for any clinical condition; often resistant to many antibiotics

A

Citrobacter and Serratia marcescens

47
Q

Classified as BSL I; produce distinctive red colonies (red pigment); catalase (+), DNase (+)

A

Serratia marcescens

48
Q

Bacteria that mimics Crohn’s disease or appendicitis; can cause inflammation around appendix or in mesenteric lymph nodes (mesenteric adenitis)

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

49
Q

Cause of bubonic plague (‘“black death”);

A

Yersinia pestis

50
Q

Humans get disease from what rat flea?

A

Xenopsylla cheopsis

51
Q

Signs and symptoms of bubonic plague:

A

Fever, chills, headache; intense pain/swelling of a lymph node area (bubo)

52
Q

Chief reservoir are reptiles & freshwater fish; Infections often involve aquatic environments; Opportunistic; H2S (+); Indole (+) differentiates from Salmonella:

A

Edwardsiella tarda

53
Q

Only oxidase (+) Enterobacteriaceae; pleomorphic gram-negative rods in singles, pairs, short chains, or long filaments’ Biochemical & antigenic similarities to Shigella; Motile

A

Plesiomonas shigelloides (now included in Enterobacteriaceae)

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (26 decks)

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