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ISSA Personal Trainer 2019 > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the training effect?

A

An increase in functional capacity of muscles and other bodily tissues as a result of increased stress(overload) places upon them

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2
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment

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3
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Sugars and starches used by the body as fuel

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4
Q

What are fats?

A

Compounds that store energy

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5
Q

What are proteins?

A

Large, complex molecules comprised of amino acids

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6
Q

What is a good example of homeostasis in the body?

A

Method by which the body maintains a constant temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

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7
Q

What happens when your body temperature rises due to physical exertion or external heat?

A

Brain sends a signal to increase the rate of sweating

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8
Q

What happens when body temperature begins to drop due to a cold external environment?

A

Shivering begins to generate heat for the body

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9
Q

What are some other functions under homeostatic control?

A
  1. Hormone production
  2. pH balance in the blood
  3. Water content of cells and blood
  4. Blood glucose levels
  5. Metabolic rate
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10
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Total of all chemical and physical processes by which the body builds and maintains itself(anabolism) and by which it breaks down its substances for the production of energy(catabolism)

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11
Q

What is anabolism?

A

The building up in the body of complex chemical compounds from simpler compounds

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12
Q

What is catabolism?

A

The breaking down in the body of complex chemical compounds into simpler ones

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13
Q

What is glucose?

A

Principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body

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14
Q

What are ketone bodies?

A

Bodies produced as intermediate products of fat metabolism

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15
Q

What is lactic acid?

A

A by-product of glucose and glycogen metabolism in anaerobic muscle energetics

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16
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Building blocks of protein

17
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

24

18
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Any of a large group of monobasic acids, especially those found in animal and vegetable fats and oils

19
Q

What is the metabolic set point?

A

The base rate of metabolism that the body seeks to maintain; resulting in nasal metabolic rate

20
Q

What is basal metabolic rate(BMR)?

A

The minimum energy required to maintain the body’s life function at rest; usually expressed in calories per hour per square meter of the body’s surface

21
Q

What is the thermic effect?

A

The heat liberated from a particular food; it is a measure of its energy content and its tendency to be burned as heat. Also referred to as “thermogenesis”

22
Q

What is a calorie?

A

A unit of heat; amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius at 1 atmosphere

23
Q

What is a kilocalorie?

A

1,000 calories and the preferred unit in metabolism studies

24
Q

What is the respiratory quotient(RQ)?

A

A method of determining the “fuel mix” being used, giving us a way to measure the relative amounts of fats, carbohydrates and proteins being burned for energy

25
Q

What is the formula for calculating RQ?

A

RQ = volume of CO2 expired / volume of O2 utilized

26
Q

What is the respiratory quotient(RQ) of carbohydrate?

A

1.0

27
Q

What is the respiratory quotient(RQ) for fat?

A

0.7

28
Q

What is the RQ for protein?

A

About 0.8

29
Q

In a normal diet, what is the percent of energy derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins?

A

Carbohydrates = 40-45%
Fatty acids = 40-45%
Proteins = 10-15%

30
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The chemical act of combining with oxygen or of removing hydrogen

31
Q

What is maximal oxygen uptake?

A

Highest rate of oxygen consumption which a person is capable of

32
Q

What are branched-chain amino acids(BCAA’s)?

A

Amino acids L-leucine, L-Isoleucine an L-valine which have a particular molecular structure that gives them their name and comprises 35% of muscle tissue. They help increase work capacity by stimulating production of insulin

ISSA Personal Trainer 2019 (41 decks)

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