Kinesiology of Exercise Flashcards
What is a concentric contraction?
Type of muscle activation that increases tension on a muscle as it shortens
What is an eccentric contraction?
Type of muscle activation that increases tension on a muscle as it lengthens
What is an isometric contraction?
Muscle activation in which the muscle fires but there is no movement at the joint and no change in length of the muscle
What is stabilization?
The act of being stable or balanced
Muscles perform what 3 types of contractions?
- Concentric
- Eccentric
- Isometric
What is concentric strength?
Measure of the maximum amount of weight that can be overcome in one repetition (1RM)
The eccentric contraction can generate up to ___% greater tension than the concentric.
50
You can generate approximately ___% greater strength in an isometric contraction than in a concentric.
20
What is a primer mover(agonist)?
Muscle in a state of contraction, with reference to its opposing muscle, the antagonist
What is an assistant mover?
Muscle that plays a secondary role to the prime mover involved
What is an antagonist?
Something opposing or resisting the action of another
Define co-contraction.
When both the agonist and antagonist undergo contraction
What is a stabilizer?
Muscle that steadies or holds a body part in place
What is helping synergy?
When two muscles contract together to create one movement
The internal and external obliques contracting to create spinal tension in a sit-up is an example of what type of synergy?
Helping synergy
What is true synergy?
When a muscle contracts to stop the secondary action of another muscle
What is a neutralizer?
When a muscle contracts to counteract an undesirable action of another muscle
Define dynamic balance movements.
Movements in which constant agonist-antagonist muscle contractions occur in order to maintain a certain position or posture
Define ballistic movement.
Movement in which inertial movement exists after an explosive or quick, maximum-force contraction
Define guided movement.
Movement that occurs when both the agonist and the antagonist contract to control the movement
What is the sagittal (anteroposterior) plane?
Vertical plane passing through the body from front to back, dividing the body into left and right portions
What is the frontal (coronal) plane?
Divides the body into from and back portions
What is the transverse (horizontal) plane?
Divides the body into upper and lower portions
What are the 3 imaginary planes that the body is divided into?
- Sagittal
- Frontal
- Transverse
What is abduction?
Movement away from the midline of the body
What is adduction?
Movements towards the midline of the body
What is flexion?
A decrease in the angle between two body segments
What is dorsiflexion?
Turning upward of the foot or toes or of the hand or fingers
What is plantarflexion?
Extension of the ankle, pointing of the foot and toes
What is extension?
An increase in the angle between two body segments, or the return from flexion
What is hyperextension?
Extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit
What is rotation?
Circular movement of a body segment about a long axis
What is pronation?
Assuming a facedown position. Of the hand, turning the palm backward or downward. Of the foot, lowering the inner(medial) side of the foot so as to flatten the arch. Opposite of supination
What is supination?
Assuming a horizontal position facing upward. In the case of the hand, it also means turning the palm to face forward. Opposite of pronation
What is eversion?
Turning outward, as of the sole of the foot
What is inversion?
Turning inward, as of the sole of the foot
What is circumduction?
Movement of a part, an extremity, in a circular direction
What is kinesiology?
The study of human motion, dealing mainly with the muscles and muscle functions
What are the six primary movements that occur at the joints between body segments?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Rotation
- Circumduction
