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ISSA Personal Trainer 2019 > Kinesiology of Exercise > Flashcards

Kinesiology of Exercise Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a concentric contraction?

A

Type of muscle activation that increases tension on a muscle as it shortens

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2
Q

What is an eccentric contraction?

A

Type of muscle activation that increases tension on a muscle as it lengthens

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3
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A

Muscle activation in which the muscle fires but there is no movement at the joint and no change in length of the muscle

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4
Q

What is stabilization?

A

The act of being stable or balanced

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5
Q

Muscles perform what 3 types of contractions?

A
  1. Concentric
  2. Eccentric
  3. Isometric
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6
Q

What is concentric strength?

A

Measure of the maximum amount of weight that can be overcome in one repetition (1RM)

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7
Q

The eccentric contraction can generate up to ___% greater tension than the concentric.

A

50

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8
Q

You can generate approximately ___% greater strength in an isometric contraction than in a concentric.

A

20

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9
Q

What is a primer mover(agonist)?

A

Muscle in a state of contraction, with reference to its opposing muscle, the antagonist

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10
Q

What is an assistant mover?

A

Muscle that plays a secondary role to the prime mover involved

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11
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Something opposing or resisting the action of another

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12
Q

Define co-contraction.

A

When both the agonist and antagonist undergo contraction

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13
Q

What is a stabilizer?

A

Muscle that steadies or holds a body part in place

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14
Q

What is helping synergy?

A

When two muscles contract together to create one movement

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15
Q

The internal and external obliques contracting to create spinal tension in a sit-up is an example of what type of synergy?

A

Helping synergy

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16
Q

What is true synergy?

A

When a muscle contracts to stop the secondary action of another muscle

17
Q

What is a neutralizer?

A

When a muscle contracts to counteract an undesirable action of another muscle

18
Q

Define dynamic balance movements.

A

Movements in which constant agonist-antagonist muscle contractions occur in order to maintain a certain position or posture

19
Q

Define ballistic movement.

A

Movement in which inertial movement exists after an explosive or quick, maximum-force contraction

20
Q

Define guided movement.

A

Movement that occurs when both the agonist and the antagonist contract to control the movement

21
Q

What is the sagittal (anteroposterior) plane?

A

Vertical plane passing through the body from front to back, dividing the body into left and right portions

22
Q

What is the frontal (coronal) plane?

A

Divides the body into from and back portions

23
Q

What is the transverse (horizontal) plane?

A

Divides the body into upper and lower portions

24
Q

What are the 3 imaginary planes that the body is divided into?

A
  1. Sagittal
  2. Frontal
  3. Transverse
25
Q

What is abduction?

A

Movement away from the midline of the body

26
Q

What is adduction?

A

Movements towards the midline of the body

27
Q

What is flexion?

A

A decrease in the angle between two body segments

28
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Turning upward of the foot or toes or of the hand or fingers

29
Q

What is plantarflexion?

A

Extension of the ankle, pointing of the foot and toes

30
Q

What is extension?

A

An increase in the angle between two body segments, or the return from flexion

31
Q

What is hyperextension?

A

Extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit

32
Q

What is rotation?

A

Circular movement of a body segment about a long axis

33
Q

What is pronation?

A

Assuming a facedown position. Of the hand, turning the palm backward or downward. Of the foot, lowering the inner(medial) side of the foot so as to flatten the arch. Opposite of supination

34
Q

What is supination?

A

Assuming a horizontal position facing upward. In the case of the hand, it also means turning the palm to face forward. Opposite of pronation

35
Q

What is eversion?

A

Turning outward, as of the sole of the foot

36
Q

What is inversion?

A

Turning inward, as of the sole of the foot

37
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Movement of a part, an extremity, in a circular direction

38
Q

What is kinesiology?

A

The study of human motion, dealing mainly with the muscles and muscle functions

39
Q

What are the six primary movements that occur at the joints between body segments?

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
  5. Rotation
  6. Circumduction

ISSA Personal Trainer 2019 (41 decks)

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