⚪️ Memory - Types of LTM Flashcards
Which psychologist realised that the MTM wasn’t detailed enough
Tulving (1985), MTM view of LTM was too simplistic and inflexible
3 types of long term memory
Episodic
Semantic
Procedural
Episodic memory
- refers to our ability to recall events
- they are time stamped meaning we remember when they happen
- you remember several details such as who was there, places and objects
- you make a conscious effort to recall them, you have to actively think about it
Semantic memory
- knowledge of the world
- not time stamped, dont know when we learned them or how
- we have to deliberately recall these facts
Procedural memory
- memory of actions, skills, how we do things
- we can recall these without conscious awareness
7 brain parts to known
- Frontal lobe
- Motor cortex
- Cerebellum
- Hippocampus
- Amygdala
- Temporal lobe
- Prefrontal cortex
Frontal lobe
Semantic
Episodic
Motor cortex
Procedural
Cerebellum
Procedural
Hippocampus
Provides new long term semantic and episodic memories
Amygdala
Vital to formation of new emotional memories
Temporal lobe
Formation and storage of LTM, semantic and episodic memories and contributed to the processing of new material in short term memory
Prefrontal cortex
Storage of short term memories
2 types of evidence for LTM stores
Clinical evidence
Neuroimaging evidencne
2 cases for clinical evidence
Clive wearing
HM
Clive wearing case
Episodic memory in CE was severely impaired as a consequence of amnesia. However, his semantic memory was unaffected. Still knew the meaning of words. Also, their procedural memories were intact, e.g tie their shoe laces
What does clinical evidence support
It supports the view that there are physical areas of LTM
Neuroimaging evidence
- brain scan studies that suggest different types of memory are stored in different parts of the Brain
- tulving (1994) got their participants to perform various tasks while their brains were scanned using a PET scanner. Found different parts of the brain active when having to recall different types of LTM
Problem with clinical evidence
Unique cases, could be 1 off
Positives of Neuroimaging
They provide empirical data - observable and measurable. High in validity. Findings have been replicated and are consistent, therefore a reliable theory
