⚪️ Memory - Eyewitness Testimony & Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

What is the effect of crime on EW

A

Crimes often cause anxiety in witnesses, fight or flight response is activated meaning hr is increased and adrenaline

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2
Q

What is the weapons focus effect

A

The tendency to focus on threatening stimuli and it can lead to reduced attention on other details. It may impair memory of perpetrators appearance

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3
Q

What is the Yerkes - Dodson Law-anxiety and how does it affect EWT

A
  • performance improves with an increase arousal up to a certain point and then decreases with further arousal
  • little arousal or too much arousal my decrease the accuracy of recall
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4
Q

Method of Johnson and Scott study (1976)

A
  • in both conditions Ps heard a discussion in an adjoining room
  • in the no weapon group, the individual left the lab (after talking) with a pen in hand and his hands covered in grease
  • in the weapon group the participants heard an altercation and the sound of breaking glass and chairs falling then an individual running into reception holding a blood knife and blood
  • both groups then showed 50 photos and asked to identify the person who had left the lab
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5
Q

Results of Johnson and Scott (1976)

A
  • two conditions (low anxiety pen) (high anxiety knife)
  • results : 49% recall in low anxiety and 33% in high anxiety
  • suggests anxiety may negatively impact recall
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6
Q

3 reasons anxiety has a positive impact on EWT

A
  1. Fight or flight response may increase alertness
  2. Heightened awareness of surroundings
  3. Emotionally arousing events may create stronger memories
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7
Q

Study which shows positive effect of anxiety

A

Yuille and Cutshall (1986), other flash card

  • 93% accuracy for highly distressed witnesses
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8
Q

Christiansen and Hubinette study (1993)

A
  • examined 22 real bank robberies
  • no evidence of high arousal negatively impacting recall
  • accurate recall memories 4-15 months later
  • supports idea that emotional events are well remembered
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9
Q

Positive of the real life studies

A

Higher ecological validity

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10
Q

Limitations of real life studies

A
  • lack of control over extraneous variables
  • possible influence of post event discussion
  • media reports may affect memory
  • proximity to crime scene as a potential factor
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11
Q

Conclusion of anxiety effect of EWT

A
  • anxiety’s impact on EWT is complex
  • real life studies suggest possible memory
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