πŸ”΅ Approaches - The Cognitive Approach Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive approach

A

Approach focusing on how our mental processes affect behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Internal mental processes

A

Private operations of the mind such as perception and attention that mediate between stimulus and response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Schema

A

Mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence cognitive processing. They are developed for experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inference

A

Psychologists draw conclusions about the way mental processes operate on the basis of observed behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Scientific study of biological structures that underpin cognitive processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Assumptions of cognitive approach

A

Internal mental processes should be studied. Meaning areas of human behaviour neglected by behaviourists, such as memory p, perception and thinking should be investigated.

The mind works like a computer

Humans actively process information

Schemas influence our behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Because internal mental processes are private and cannot be observed, what do psychologists do?

A

Study them indirectly by making inferences about what is going on inside people’s minds on the basis of their behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Because internal mental processes are private and cannot be observed, what do psychologists do?

A

Study them indirectly by making inferences about what is going on inside people’s minds on the basis of their behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are theoretical models

A

Diagrammatic representations of the Steos involved in internal mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are theoretical models used to make inferences of internal mental processes

A

Diagrams use arrows and boxes to indicate cause and effect or stages of a mental process. The features of the model are based of inference since mental processes cannot be directly observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Computer models

A

Mind is compared to a computer. Suggesting there are simarities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do our minds work like a computer

A
  • input = external stimuli
  • internal processes (coding) = internal mental processes)
  • output = behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are schemes developed through

A

Personal expreruence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do schemas act as a

A

Mental framework for the interpretation of incoming information received by the cognitive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do schemas enable us to do

A
  • Process a lot of information quickly and this is useful as a sort of mental short cut t
  • prevents us from being overwhelmed by environmental stimuli
  • help us predict what will happen based on past experiences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Problems with schema

A
  • can lead to faulty conclusions and unhelpful behaviour (e.g before exams)
  • may develop stereotypes
  • may distort our interpretations of sensory information
  • can cause bias recall based on what we expect to see
17
Q

Years of cognitive apppriach

18
Q

When was cognitive neuroscience made and by who

A

1970s by Miller and Gazziniga

19
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience c

A

It studies the influence of brain structures on mental processes m

20
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience c

A

It studies the influence of brain structures on mental processes m

21
Q

What has changed to allow neuroscience to emerge

A

Advances in brain scanning technology meaning scientists have been able to describe neurological basis of mental processing

22
Q

What has allowed us to locate parts of the brain involved in information processing

A
  • positron emission tomography (PET SCANS)
  • functional magnetic resonance Imaging (fMRI)
23
Q

How has neuroimaging helped with disorders

A

Neuroimaging has helped us to establish the neurological basis for some disorders such as enlarged ventricles in schizophrenia, however, cannot tell us if this is cause or consuqurnce

24
Q

Practical applications of cognitive neuroscience

A
  • scanning techniques used
  • scanning techniques to study mental processing
  • use of computer stimulations to test theories or hypotheses about mental processses
25
Evidence of Schemas
Bugelsky and alampay (1962): rat man, aimed to investigate whether previous knowledge affect the perception of new material
26
Bugelsky and alampay (1962)
β€’ Participants were shown a series of images before being shown an ambiguous image that could be seen as either a rat or a man (known as the Rat-Man illusion). β€’ One group was shown pictures of animals before the ambiguous image. β€’ Another group was shown pictures of human faces. β€’ Participants who saw animals beforehand were more likely to interpret the ambiguous image as a rat. β€’ Those who saw human faces first were more likely to see a man.
27
Strengths of cognitive approach
- highly scientific methods used - findings have provided basis for therapies and strategies to help people with behavioural problems - dominant approach, more sophisticated - real life application include eye witness memory
28
Weaknesses of cognitive approach
- lack ecological validity, artificial to real world - inferences are made, relying on observing behaviour - comparing mind to computer is simplistic - computers do not forget things like humans and do not have emotions like humans