meiosis

Question 1

meiosis occurs in __________ and reuslts in four _____________

Answer 1

gametophytes (germ cells)
gametes (nonidentical sex cells)

Question 2

similarities between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 2

genetica material must be duplicated
chomatin is condensed to form chromosomes
microtubules from centrioles involved in genetic material division

Question 3

mitosis vs meiosis

how many rounds of replication / division?

Answer 3

mitosis = 1replication, 1 division
meiosis = 1 replication, 2 division

Question 4

meiosis 1 results in _________ being separated generating haploid daughter cells

Answer 4

homologous chromosomes

Question 5

meiosis (1 / 2) = reductional division

Answer 5

meiosis 1

2n –> 1n

Question 6

meiosis (1 / 2) = equational division

Answer 6

meiosis 2

1n –> 1n

Question 7

after S phase, how many chromatids? chromosomes? homologous pairs?

Answer 7

chromatids = 92
chromosomes = 46
homologous pairs = 23

Question 8

what happens to the chromatin, spindle apparatus, nucleoli, and nuclear membrane during prophase 1?

Answer 8

chromatin = condense
spindle apparatus = forms
nucleoli = disappear
nuclear membrane = disappear

Question 9

during prophase 1, the homologous chromosomes come together and intertwine in a process called _______

Answer 9

synapsis

Question 10

during synapsis, each synaptic pair contains ________ chromatids and is referred to as a ________

Answer 10

4 chromatids
tetrad

Question 11

during prophase 1, homologous chromosomes are held together by a group of proteins called _____________

Answer 11

synaptonemal complex

Question 12

homologous chromosomes may break at the points of contact called the ____________ and exchnaged equivalent pieces of DNA

Answer 12

chiasmata

Question 13

when does crossing over occur?

Answer 13

prophase 1

Question 14

crossing over occurs between _____________ and not between __________

Answer 14

homologous chromosomes
sister chromatids of the same chromosome

Question 15

___________ refers to the tendancy for genes to be inherited together

Answer 15

linkage

Question 16

genes that are located further apart are (more / less) likely to be inherited together, and (more / less) likely to cross over

Answer 16

less likely to be inherited together

more likely to undergo crossing over

Question 17

explain mendels second law (independent assortment)

Answer 17

the inheritance of one allele has no effect on the likelihood of inheriting certain alleles for other genes

Question 18

during metaphase 1 ____________ align at the metphase plate

Answer 18

homologous pairs

Question 19

during anaphase 1, homologous pairs are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell, this process is called __________

Answer 19

disjunction

Question 20

explain mendels first law (segragation)

Answer 20

during disjunction, each chromosome of paternal origin separates from its homologous materal origin, and either chromosome can end up in either daughter cell

the distribution of homologous chromosomes to the daughter cells is random with respect to the parental origin

Question 21

during ___________, a nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus

Answer 21

telophase 1

Question 22

after telophase 1, the cells are now __________

Answer 22

haploid

Question 23

between cell divisions (meiosis 1 and 2), there is a short rest period called ___________ where the chromosomes partially uncoil

Answer 23

interkinesis

Question 24

how is meiosis 1 different from meiosis 2?

Answer 24

meiosis 1 = deals with separation of homologous pairs

meiosis 2 = deals with seapration of sister chromatids