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MCAT - biology > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

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1
Q

_____________ is the liquid portion of blood, an aqueous mixture of nutrients, salts, respiratory gases, hormones, and blood proteins

A

plasma

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2
Q

the cellular portion of blood consists of three major categories, what are they?

A
  1. erthrocytes (RBCs)
  2. leukocytes (WBCs)
  3. platelets
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3
Q

all blood cells are formed from __________

A

hemopoietic stem cells

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4
Q

hemopoietic stem cells and blood cells originate in the __________

A

bone marrow

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5
Q

__________ is a specialized cell designed for oxygen transport

A

erthrocyte

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6
Q

how many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin bind?

A

4

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7
Q

approximately how many oxygen molecules can one RBC carry?

A

~ 1 billion

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8
Q

what is the purpose of RBCs biconcave shape?

A
  1. assists them in traveling through tiny capillaries
  2. increases cells surface area
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9
Q

T / F - when a RBC matures it loses it mitochondria, nuclei, and other membrane bound organelles

A

true

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10
Q

because RBCs do not have a mitochodria, they are unable to perform oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP, what do they do instead?

A

rely entirely on glycolysis

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11
Q

T / F - RBCs are unable to divide

A

true

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12
Q

________ measures the quantity of hemoglobin in the blood

A

hemoglobin (g/dL)

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13
Q

_____________ is a measure of how much of the blood sample consosts of red blood cells

A

hemocrit (%)

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14
Q

____________ are a crucial part of the immune system, acting as our defenders against pathogens, foreign cells, and cancer

A

leukocytes (WBCs)

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15
Q

two major types of leukocytes?

A
  1. graulocytes
  2. agranulocytes
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16
Q

types of granulocytes?

A
  1. neutrophils
  2. basophils
  3. eosinophils

*PHIL likes GRAN

17
Q

the granules within granulocytes are often exocytosized in response to ?

A

inflammatory
allergens
pus formation
destruction of bacteria / parasites

18
Q

types of agranulocytes?

A
  1. monocytes
  2. lymphocytes
19
Q

lymphocytes are important in the _______________, the body’s targeted fight against particular pathogens

A

specific immune response

20
Q

lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow are called __________

A

B cells

21
Q

lymphocytes that mature in the thymus are called ____________

A

T cells

22
Q

what is the function of B cells?

A

antibody generation

23
Q

what is the function of T cells?

A

kill virally infected cells and activate other immune cells

24
Q

once a monocyte leaves the bloodstream and enters an organ, it is renamed __________

A

macrophage

*phagocytize foreign matter

25
Q

CNS macrophage?

A

microglia

26
Q

skin macrophage?

A

langerhans cells

27
Q

bone macrophage?

A

osteoclasts

28
Q

_____________ is the production of blood cells and platelets

A

hematopoiesis

29
Q

hematopoiesis is triggered by hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. the most notable of these are ___________ and _____________

A

erythropoietin
thrombopoietin

30
Q

(erythropoietin / thrombopoietin) is secreted by the kidney and stimulates mainly RBC development

A

erythropoietin

31
Q

thrombopoietin is secreted by the ____________ and kidney and stimulates __________ development

A

liver and kidney
platelet

32
Q

___________ is a specific target ot which the immune systsm can react

A

antigen

33
Q

T / F - A and B blood type alleles are codominant

A

true

34
Q

type ____ = universal donors

A

O

35
Q

type ____ = universal receivers

A

AB

36
Q

______________ is a surface protein expressed on RBCs that refers to the presence / absence or a specific allele called D

A

Rh factor

37
Q

explain erthyroblastosis fetalis

A

maternal anti Rh antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the fetal blood cells resulting in hemolysis of the fetal cells

38
Q
A

MCAT - biology (35 decks)

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