blood

Question 1

_____________ is the liquid portion of blood, an aqueous mixture of nutrients, salts, respiratory gases, hormones, and blood proteins

Answer 1

plasma

Question 2

the cellular portion of blood consists of three major categories, what are they?

Answer 2

1. erthrocytes (RBCs)
2. leukocytes (WBCs)
3. platelets

Question 3

all blood cells are formed from __________

Answer 3

hemopoietic stem cells

Question 4

hemopoietic stem cells and blood cells originate in the __________

Answer 4

bone marrow

Question 5

__________ is a specialized cell designed for oxygen transport

Answer 5

erthrocyte

Question 6

how many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin bind?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

approximately how many oxygen molecules can one RBC carry?

Answer 7

~ 1 billion

Question 8

what is the purpose of RBCs biconcave shape?

Answer 8

1. assists them in traveling through tiny capillaries
2. increases cells surface area

Question 9

T / F - when a RBC matures it loses it mitochondria, nuclei, and other membrane bound organelles

Answer 9

true

Question 10

because RBCs do not have a mitochodria, they are unable to perform oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP, what do they do instead?

Answer 10

rely entirely on glycolysis

Question 11

T / F - RBCs are unable to divide

Answer 11

true

Question 12

________ measures the quantity of hemoglobin in the blood

Answer 12

hemoglobin (g/dL)

Question 13

_____________ is a measure of how much of the blood sample consosts of red blood cells

Answer 13

hemocrit (%)

Question 14

____________ are a crucial part of the immune system, acting as our defenders against pathogens, foreign cells, and cancer

Answer 14

leukocytes (WBCs)

Question 15

two major types of leukocytes?

Answer 15

1. graulocytes
2. agranulocytes

Question 16

types of granulocytes?

Answer 16

1. neutrophils
2. basophils
3. eosinophils

*PHIL likes GRAN

Question 17

the granules within granulocytes are often exocytosized in response to ?

Answer 17

inflammatory
allergens
pus formation
destruction of bacteria / parasites

Question 18

types of agranulocytes?

Answer 18

1. monocytes
2. lymphocytes

Question 19

lymphocytes are important in the _______________, the body’s targeted fight against particular pathogens

Answer 19

specific immune response

Question 20

lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow are called __________

Answer 20

B cells

Question 21

lymphocytes that mature in the thymus are called ____________

Answer 21

T cells

Question 22

what is the function of B cells?

Answer 22

antibody generation

Question 23

what is the function of T cells?

Answer 23

kill virally infected cells and activate other immune cells

Question 24

once a monocyte leaves the bloodstream and enters an organ, it is renamed __________

Answer 24

macrophage

*phagocytize foreign matter

Question 25

CNS macrophage?

Answer 25

microglia

Question 26

skin macrophage?

Answer 26

langerhans cells

Question 27

bone macrophage?

Answer 27

osteoclasts

Question 28

_____________ is the production of blood cells and platelets

Answer 28

hematopoiesis

Question 29

hematopoiesis is triggered by hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. the most notable of these are ___________ and _____________

Answer 29

erythropoietin thrombopoietin

Question 30

(erythropoietin / thrombopoietin) is secreted by the kidney and stimulates mainly RBC development

Answer 30

erythropoietin

Question 31

thrombopoietin is secreted by the ____________ and kidney and stimulates __________ development

Answer 31

liver and kidney platelet

Question 32

___________ is a specific target ot which the immune systsm can react

Answer 32

antigen

Question 33

T / F - A and B blood type alleles are codominant

Answer 33

true

Question 34

type ____ = universal donors

Answer 34

O

Question 35

type ____ = universal receivers

Answer 35

AB

Question 36

______________ is a surface protein expressed on RBCs that refers to the presence / absence or a specific allele called D

Answer 36

Rh factor

Question 37

explain erthyroblastosis fetalis

Answer 37

maternal anti Rh antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the fetal blood cells resulting in hemolysis of the fetal cells