absorption and defecation Flashcards
the small intestine is lined with ____________
villi
each villus has many small ___________ which help to increase the surface area available for absorption
microvilli
in the middle of each villus there is a capillary bed for the absorption of water soluable nutrients and a ____________, a lymphatic channel that takes up fats for transport
lacteal
simple sugars are absorbed via ___________ and ___________ into the epithelial cells lining the samll intestine
secondary active transport
facilitated diffusion
blood always has a (higher / lower) concentration of monosaccharides and amino acids han inside the epithelial cells
higher
*simple carbs and aminoacids diffuse from the epithelial cells into the capillaries
how are short fatty acids absorbed?
the same way as amino acids and carbs!
diffusing directly into the intestinal capillaries
how are long fatty acids absorbed?
move separately into the intestinal cells, but reform as triglycerides
triglycerides are pakcage into chylomicrons that enter the lymphatic circulation through lacteals
fat soluable vitamins?
A
D
E
K
(water / fat) soluable vitamins dissolve directly into chylomicrons to enter the lymphatic circulation
fat
(water / fat) soluable vitmains are taken up across the endothelial ells of the small intestine, passing directly into the plasma
water
T / F - water passes transcellularly and paracellularly to reach the blood
true
transcellularly = across cell membrane
paracellularly = squeezing between cells
what are the three major divisions of the large intestine?
- cecum
- colon
- rectum
_____________ is an outpcketing that accepts fluid exiting the small intestine
cecum
the cecum is the site of attachment of the _________
appendix
what are the four divisions of the colon?
- ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid
